{"id":109993,"date":"2017-11-06T16:00:13","date_gmt":"2017-11-06T08:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=109993"},"modified":"2017-11-06T15:28:40","modified_gmt":"2017-11-06T07:28:40","slug":"%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e5%89%8d%e6%b2%bf%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%e7%b2%be%e9%80%892017%e5%b9%b411%e6%9c%88%e7%ac%ac1%e5%91%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=109993","title":{"rendered":"\u6750\u6599\u524d\u6cbf\u6700\u65b0\u7efc\u8ff0\u7cbe\u9009(2017\u5e7411\u6708\u7b2c1\u5468)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>1\u3001<\/strong><strong>Progress in Polymer Science<\/strong><strong>\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7535\u7eba\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u819c\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u6539\u6027\u548c\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-110000 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/1-8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/1-8.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/1-8-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u56fe1 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u9759\u7535\u7eba\u4e1d\u4e2d\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5f62\u6210\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"Research on membrane technologies has grown exponentially to treat wastewater, recycle polluted water and provide more freshwater.\">\u819c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u6210\u500d\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5e9f\u6c34\uff0c\u56de\u6536\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6de1\u6c34\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) exhibit great potential to be applied in membrane processes due to their distinctive features such as high porosity of up to 90% and large specific surface area.\">\u7535\u7eba\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u819c\uff08ENMs\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u8fbe90\uff05\u7684\u9ad8\u5b54\u9699\u7387\u548c\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u800c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u819c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\">\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5236\u5907\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9759\u7535\u7eba\u4e1d\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u652f\u67b6\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5c06\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u3002\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u5357\u6d0b\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u7684Wang Rong\u6559\u6388\uff08\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba<\/span><span title=\"This review summarizes the state-of-the-art progress on fabrication and modification of electrospun polymeric membranes with a particular emphasis on their advances, challenges and future improvement in water treatment applications.\">\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7535\u7eba\u805a\u5408\u7269\u819c\u7684\u5236\u9020\u548c\u6539\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u6311\u6218\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span title=\"First, we briefly describe the complex process governing electrospinning, illustrate the effects of intrinsic properties of polymer solutions, operational parameters and surrounding environment conditions on the formation of nanofibers and resultant nanofibrous membranes, and summarize various designs of electrospinning apparatus.\">\u9996\u5148\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u9759\u7535\u7eba\u4e1d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u819c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u9759\u7535\u7eba\u4e1d\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><span title=\"That is followed by reviewing the methods to prepare multifunctional composite ENMs, assorted into three categories, including modification in nanofibers, loading target molecules onto nanofibers surface, and implementing selective layers on the ENM surface.\">\u968f\u540e\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5236\u5907\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u590d\u5408ENM\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u6539\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u5b50\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728ENM\u8868\u9762\u5b9e\u65bd\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5c42\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\">\u968f\u540e\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5408ENM\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u6311\u6218\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S007967001730223X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Progress in electrospun polymeric nanofibrous membranes for water treatment: fabrication, modification and applications<\/a> <\/strong><strong>(Prog. Polym. Sci.,2017,<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>DOI:doi.org\/10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2017.10.003)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2\u3001<\/strong><strong>Progress in Polymer Science<\/strong><strong>\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u4e00\u7ef4\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u9633\u6781\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b54\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-110412 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/2-14.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/2-14.jpg 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/2-14-300x175.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u56fe2\u00a0<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\">PMMA\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u534a\u5f84\u4e3aR\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\">\u4e00\u7ef4\uff081D\uff09\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u4f20\u611f\u5668\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5149\u4f0f\u7535\u6c60\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\">\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u4e5d\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u7684Atsushi Takahara \u6559\u6388\uff08\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba<\/span>\u5bf9\u7531\u9633\u6781\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\uff08AAO\uff09\u6a21\u677f\u5236\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u56de\u987e\u3002 \u8be6\u7ec6<span class=\"\">\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5229\u7528AAO\u6a21\u677f\u5236\u5907\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7194\u4f53\u6e17\u900f\u6cd5\u3001\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6eb6\u6db2\u6e17\u900f\u6cd5\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u6cd5\u3002<\/span> <span class=\"\">\u6839\u636e\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e03\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u5747\u805a\u7269\u3001\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62 &#8211; \u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u5d4c\u6bb5\u5171\u805a\u7269\u3001\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\/\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5171\u6df7\u7269\u3001\u534a\u7ed3\u6676\u5747\u805a\u7269\u3001\u534a\u7ed3\u6676\/\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5171\u6df7\u7269\u3001\u534a\u7ed3\u6676 &#8211; \u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u5d4c\u6bb5\u5171\u805a\u7269\u548c<\/span><span class=\"\">\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b54\u4e2d\u7684\u534a\u7ed3\u6676 &#8211; \u534a\u7ed3\u6676\u5d4c\u6bb5\u5171\u805a\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0079670017301624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Molecular self-assembly of one-dimensional polymer nanostructures in nanopores of anodic alumina oxide templates<\/a> <\/strong><strong>(Prog. Polym. Sci.,2017,<\/strong> <strong>DOI: doi.org\/10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2017.10.004)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3\u3001<\/strong><strong>Nature Reviews Materials \u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53ef\u8c03\u8c10\u7684\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5408\u91d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5e26\u9699\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-110001 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/3-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/3-3.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/3-3-300x206.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u56fe3\u00a0<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u5178\u578b\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u5e26\u9699\u548c\u6676\u683c\u5e38\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of nanoscale semiconductor materials with a wide range of bandgaps by alloying different individual semiconductors.\">\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5408\u91d1\u5316\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u5177\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5e26\u9699\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/span><span title=\"These materials include traditional II\u2013VI and III\u2013V semiconductors and their alloys, inorganic and hybrid perovskites, and the newly emerging 2D materials.\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u7edf\u7684II-VI\u548cIII-V\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u65e0\u673a\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u9499\u949b\u77ff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u5174\u76842D\u6750\u6599\u3002<span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\"><span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\">\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u7684\u6768\u57f9\u4e1c\u3001\u7aa6\u4e50\u6dfb\u548c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b81\u5b58\u653f\u6559\u6388\uff08\u5171\u540c\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span><\/span><\/span><span title=\"One important common feature of these materials is that their nanoscale dimensions result in a large tolerance to lattice mismatches within a monolithic structure of varying composition or between the substrate and target material, which enables us to achieve almost arbitrary control of the variation of the alloy composition\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u6216\u886c\u5e95\u4e0e\u9776\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6676\u683c\u5931\u914d\u7684\u5927\u5bb9\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u5408\u91d1\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/span><span title=\".\">\u3002<\/span><span title=\"As a result, the bandgaps of these alloys can be widely tuned without the detrimental defects that are often unavoidable in bulk materials, which have a much more limited tolerance to lattice mismatches.\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u5e26\u9699\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u6563\u88c5\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u5bf9\u6676\u683c\u5931\u914d\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5bb9\u9650\u3002<\/span><span title=\"This class of nanomaterials could have a far-reaching impact on a wide range of photonic applications, including tunable lasers, solid-state lighting, artificial photosynthesis and new solar cells.\">\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5149\u5b50\u5e94\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53ef\u8c03\u6fc0\u5149\u5668\u3001\u56fa\u6001\u7167\u660e\u3001\u4eba\u9020\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u65b0\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/natrevmats201770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bandgap engineering in semiconductor alloy nanomaterials with widely tunable compositions<\/a> <\/strong><strong>(Nat.Rev.Mater.,2017,<\/strong> <strong>DOI: 10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.70)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4\u3001<\/strong><strong>Chemical Society Reviews <\/strong><strong>\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u4e8c\u7ef4\u787c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-110002 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/4.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"358\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u56fe4 \u5404\u79cd\u787c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u51e0\u4f55\u524d\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\"><span class=\"\"><span title=\"Situated between metals and non-metals in the periodic table, boron is one of the most chemically versatile elements, forming at least sixteen bulk polymorphs composed of interlinked boron polyhedra.\">\u787c\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u548c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u6700\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u81f3\u5c11\u5341\u516d\u4e2a\u7531\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u787c\u591a\u9762\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5927\u5757\u591a\u6676\u578b\u7269\u3002<\/span><span title=\"In low-dimensionality, boron chemistry remains or becomes even more intriguing since boron clusters with several to tens of atoms favor planar or cage-like structures, which are similar to their carbon counterparts in terms of conformation and electronic structure.\">\u5728\u4f4e\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u787c\u5316\u5b66\u66f4\u52a0\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5230\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u787c\u7c07\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u5e73\u9762\u6216\u7b3c\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u8c61\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u78b3\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e<\/span><span title=\"The similarity between boron and carbon has raised a question of whether there exists stable two-dimensional (2D) boron, as a conceptual precursor, from which other boron nanostructures may be built.\">\u787c\u548c\u78b3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\uff082D\uff09\u787c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u5176\u4ed6\u787c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Here, we review the current theoretical and experimental progress in realizing boron atomic layers.\"><span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\">\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u83b1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u00a0Boris I. Yakobson\u6559\u6388\uff08\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba<\/span>\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u787c\u539f\u5b50\u5c42\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Starting by describing a decade-long effort towards understanding the size-dependent structures of boron clusters, we present how theory plays a role in extrapolating boron clusters into 2D form, from a freestanding state to that on substrates, as well as in exploring practical routes\">\u9996\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u787c\u56e2\u7c07\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5c06\u787c\u56e2\u7c07\u5916\u63a8\u5230\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u72ec\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u57fa\u5e95\u4e0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a2\u7d22\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8def\u7ebf\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><span title=\"for their synthesis that recently culminated in experimental realization.\">\u3002<\/span><span title=\"While 2D boron has been revealed to have unusual mechanical, electronic and chemical properties, materializing its potential in practical applications remains largely impeded by lack of routes towards transfer from substrates and controlled synthesis of quality samples.\">\u867d\u7136\u4e8c\u7ef4\u787c\u5df2\u88ab\u63ed\u793a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ece\u5e95\u7269\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d28\u91cf\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u53d7\u63a7\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u6f5c\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2017\/cs\/c7cs00261k#!divAbstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two-dimensional boron: structures, properties and applications<\/a> <\/strong><strong>(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2017,<\/strong> <strong>DOI: <span class=\"list__item-data\">10.1039\/C7CS00261K<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5\u3001<\/strong><strong>Chemical Society Reviews <\/strong><strong>\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u5c06<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u884d\u751f\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u78b3\u53ca\u5176\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u8d1f\u6781\u6750\u6599<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-110003 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/5-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/5-3.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/5-3-300x142.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u56fe5 LIB\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u78b3\u53ca\u5176\u590d\u5408\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9633\u6781\u793a\u610f\u56fe<br \/>\n <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"Since ever-increasing energy demands stimulated intensive research activities on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), biomass as an earth-abundant renewable energy source has played an intriguing and promising role in developing sustainable biomass-derived carbons and their composite materials for high-performance\">\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u9700\u6c42\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\uff08LIB\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u884d\u751f\u78b3\u53ca\u5176\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><span title=\"LIB anodes.\">\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Different from other materials (eg, silicon, tin, metal oxides, etc.), biomass-derived carbons and their composite materials have been applied more and more to LIBs due to their advantages such as low cost, green and eco-friendly synthesis,\">\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6750\u6599\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7845\uff0c\u9521\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7b49\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u884d\u751f\u7684\u78b3\u53ca\u5176\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u7eff\u8272\u73af\u4fdd\u5408\u6210\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eLIB\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709<\/span><span title=\"easy accessibility, sustainable strategy, and improved battery performance, including capacity, cycling property, and stability\/durability.\">\u6613\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7535\u6c60\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\/\u8010\u7528\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002<span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\"><span class=\"\"><span title=\"Here, we review the current theoretical and experimental progress in realizing boron atomic layers.\"><span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\">\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u8fbd\u5b81\u77f3\u6cb9\u5316\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9f99\u6587\u5b87\u3001Yan-Jie Wang\u548c\u82f1\u5c5e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66David Wilkinson \u6559\u6388\uff08\u5171\u540c\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span title=\"This tutorial review focusing on biomass-derived carbons and their composites in the application of LIB anodes will act as a strategic guide to build a close connection between renewable materials and electrochemical energy storage devices.\">\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u78b3\u53ca\u5176\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u5728LIB\u9633\u6781\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u50a8\u80fd\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Also, this review provides a critical analysis and comparison of biomass-derived carbons and their composites for LIB anodes, coupled with an important insight into the remaining challenges and future directions in the field.\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u7efc\u8ff0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u78b3\u53ca\u5176\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599LIB\u9633\u6781\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5176\u4ed6\u6311\u6218\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2017\/cs\/c6cs00639f#!divAbstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Biomass-derived nanostructured carbons and their composites as anode materials for lithium ion batteries<\/a><\/strong><strong>(Chem.Soc.Rev.,2017,<\/strong> <strong>DOI: <span class=\"list__item-data\">10.1039\/C6CS00639F<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6\u3001<\/strong><strong>Chemical Society Reviews <\/strong><strong>\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf\u9020\u5f71\u5242\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-110008 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/6-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/6-1.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/6-1-300x216.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u56fe6 \u5f71\u54cdMRI\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1aCAs\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u8868\u9762\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u6548\u5e94<br \/>\n <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly valuable non-invasive imaging tool owing to its exquisite soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, lack of ionizing radiation, and wide clinical applicability.\">\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf\uff08MRI\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u8f6f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u3001\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u7535\u79bb\u8f90\u5c04\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9002\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u6210\u50cf\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Contrast agents (CAs) can be used to further enhance the sensitivity of MRI to obtain information-rich images.\">\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5242\uff08CA\uff09\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8MRI\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Recently, extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of high-performance inorganic nanoparticle-based CAs to improve the quality and specificity of MRI.\">\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5408\u6210\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50CAs\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8MRI\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Herein, the basic rules, including the choice of metal ions, effect of electron motion on water relaxation, and involved mechanisms, of CAs for MRI have been elucidated in detail.\"><span title=\"easy accessibility, sustainable strategy, and improved battery performance, including capacity, cycling property, and stability\/durability.\"><span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\"><span class=\"\"><span title=\"Here, we review the current theoretical and experimental progress in realizing boron atomic layers.\"><span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\">\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u4e0a\u6d77\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u65bd\u5251\u6797\u3001Dalong Ni\uff0c<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong>\u534e\u4e1c\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7684<\/strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"Herein, the basic rules, including the choice of metal ions, effect of electron motion on water relaxation, and involved mechanisms, of CAs for MRI have been elucidated in detail.\"><span title=\"easy accessibility, sustainable strategy, and improved battery performance, including capacity, cycling property, and stability\/durability.\"><span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\"><span class=\"\"><span title=\"Here, we review the current theoretical and experimental progress in realizing boron atomic layers.\"><span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\"><strong>\u6b65\u6587\u535a\uff0c\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8521\u4f1f\u6ce2\u6559\u6388\uff08\u5171\u540c\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86CAs\u5bf9MRI\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u6c34\u5206\u5f1b\u8c6b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><span title=\"In particular, various design principles, including size control, surface modification (e.g. organic ligand, silica shell, and inorganic nanolayers), and shape regulation, to impact relaxation of water molecules have been discussed in detail.\">\u5177\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c3a\u5bf8\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u8868\u9762\u6539\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u673a\u914d\u4f53\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u58f3\u548c\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c42\uff09\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u8c03\u8282\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u677e\u5f1b\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Comprehensive understanding of how these factors work can guide the engineering of future inorganic nanoparticles with high relaxivity.\">\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u672a\u6765\u65e0\u673a\u7eb3\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u9ad8\u5f1b\u8c6b\u6027\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Finally, we have summarized the currently available strategies and their mechanism for obtaining high-performance CAs and discussed the challenges and future developments of nanoparticulate CAs for clinical translation in MRI.\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fdCA\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u5fae\u7c92CA\u5728MRI\u4e2d\u4e34\u5e8a\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2017\/cs\/c7cs00316a#!divAbstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents<\/a><\/strong><strong> (Chem.Soc.Rev.,2017,<\/strong> <strong>DOI: <span class=\"list__item-data\">10.1039\/C7CS00316A<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7\u3001<\/strong><strong>Chemical\u00a0 Reviews <\/strong><strong>\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-110004 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/7.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"171\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u56fe7 \u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6c60\u6cd5\u793a\u610f\u56fe<br \/>\n <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u6d3b\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u5982\u6709\u673a\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6709\u529b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u4f34\u4fa3\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f;\uff082\uff09\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e3a\u201c\u6c60\u201d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\u7ec4\u5206\u3002 <span class=\"\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d3b\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u77ac\u6001\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff1b\u4f46\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002<span title=\"easy accessibility, sustainable strategy, and improved battery performance, including capacity, cycling property, and stability\/durability.\"><span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\"><span title=\"Here, we review the current theoretical and experimental progress in realizing boron atomic layers.\"><span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\">\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684Jun-ichi Yoshida \u6559\u6388\uff08\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\">\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u968f\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u4eb2\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c06\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u6d3b\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6c60\u201d\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b80\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electrogenerated Cationic Reactive Intermediates: The Pool Method and Further Advances <\/a><\/strong><strong>(Chem. Rev.,2017,<\/strong> <strong>DOI:<span class=\"list__item-data\">10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00475<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8\u3001<\/strong><strong>Accounts of Chemical Research\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u5e94\u7528X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-110007 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8-1.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8-1-300x101.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u56fe8 \u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6bb5<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"All crystalline materials in nature, whether inorganic, organic, or biological, macroscopic or microscopic, have their own chemical and physical properties, which strongly depend on their atomic structures.\">\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ed3\u6676\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65e0\u673a\u7684\u3001\u6709\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7684\u3001\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u6216\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Therefore, structure determination is extremely important in chemistry, physics, materials science, etc. In the past centuries, many techniques have been developed for structure determination.\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><span title=\"The most widely used one is X-ray crystallography (single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)), and it remains the most important technique for structure determination of crystalline materials.\">\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8fd0\u7528X\u5c04\u7ebf\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\uff08\u5355\u6676X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\uff08SCXRD\uff09\u548c\u7c89\u672bX\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\uff08PXRD\uff09\uff09\u6765\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6676\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Although SCXRD and PXRD are successful in many cases, a number of reasons limit their applications, such as SCXRD for nanosized crystals, intergrowth, and defects and PXRD for complex structures, multiphasic samples, impurities, peak overlaps, etc. Another most valuable technique for\">\u867d\u7136SCXRD\u548cPXRD\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u539f\u56e0\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6280\u672f<\/span><span title=\"structure determination is electron crystallography (EC).\">\u7ed3\u6784\u6d4b\u5b9a\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\uff08EC\uff09\u3002<\/span><span title=\"With the electron as a probe, EC alone can also be used for structure determination, especially for crystals that are too small to be studied by SCXRD or too complex for PXRD.\">\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u592a\u5c0f\u7684\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7SCXRD\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6216\u5bf9\u4e8ePXRD\u592a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ee5\u7535\u5b50\u4e3a\u63a2\u9488\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u7684EC\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u6d4b\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><span title=\"As electrons interact much more strongly with matter than X-rays do, both electron diffraction (ED) patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images can be obtained from nanosized crystals.\">\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f3a\u4e8eX\u5c04\u7ebf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\uff08ED\uff09\u56fe\u6848\u548c\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff08HRTEM\uff09\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/span><span title=\"However, collecting a complete set of ED patterns or recording a good HRTEM image requires considerable expertise on the operation of electron microscopes and crystallography.\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u4e00\u6574\u5957ED\u56fe\u6848\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\u826f\u597d\u7684HRTEM\u56fe\u50cf\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u548c\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><span title=\"The strong interactions between electrons and materials can also lead to dynamical effects and beam damage.\">\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u5149\u675f\u635f\u4f24\u3002<\/span><span title=\"These difficulties make structure determination from ED patterns and HRTEM images not straightforward.\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u4f7f\u5f97ED\u6a21\u5f0f\u548cHRTEM\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Recently, two three-dimensional (3D) electron diffraction techniques, automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT) and rotation electron diffraction (RED), have been developed, which perform the data collection in an automated manner.\">\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e09\u7ef4\uff083D\uff09\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u65ad\u5c42\u626b\u63cf\uff08ADT\uff09\u548c\u65cb\u8f6c\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\uff08RED\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Although the dynamical effects in the newly developed 3D electron diffraction techniques (ADT, RED) are reduced significantly, for some structures there are still problems with obtaining an initial model because of beam damage.\n\n\">\u867d\u7136\u65b0\u5f00\u53d1\u76843D\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u6280\u672f\uff08ADT\uff0cRED\uff09\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u675f\u635f\u4f24\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><span title=\"The X-ray diffraction and EC methods discussed above are both powerful techniques but have their own limitations.\">\u4e0a\u8ff0X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u548cEC\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/span><span title=\"In many complicated cases, one technique alone is not enough to solve the crystal structure, and different techniques that supply complementary structural information have to support each other for the complete structure determination.\">\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8865\u5145\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6d4b\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"In this Account, we provide a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of X-ray diffraction (PXRD and SCXRD) and EC (HRTEM and ED) for structure determination and include a review of applications of X-ray diffraction and EC for solving complex structure\"><span class=\"\"><span title=\"easy accessibility, sustainable strategy, and improved battery performance, including capacity, cycling property, and stability\/durability.\"><span title=\"Comprehensive discussion about past achievements and current challenges regarding utilization of composite ENMs in water treatment are then provided.\"><span title=\"Here, we review the current theoretical and experimental progress in realizing boron atomic layers.\"><span title=\"Compared with other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is capable of developing unique architectures of nanofibrous scaffolds by designing special assemblies, and it is facile in functionalizing nanofibers by incorporating multi-functional materials.\">\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b59\u4fca\u826f\u6559\u6388\uff08\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\uff08PXRD\u548cSCXRD\uff09\u548cEC\uff08HRTEM\u548cED\uff09\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u548cEC\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u5e94\u7528\u7684<\/span><span title=\"problems such as peak overlap, impurities, pseudosymmetry and twinning, disordered frameworks, locating guests, aperiodic structures, etc. Some of the latest advances in structure determination are also presented briefly, namely, revealing hydrogen positions by ED, protein crystal structure solution by 3D\">\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u5cf0\u503c\u91cd\u53e0\u3001\u6742\u8d28\u3001\u4f2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u548c\u7ed3\u5bf9\u3001<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"problems such as peak overlap, impurities, pseudosymmetry and twinning, disordered frameworks, locating guests, aperiodic structures, etc. Some of the latest advances in structure determination are also presented briefly, namely, revealing hydrogen positions by ED, protein crystal structure solution by 3D\">\u65e0\u5e8f\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5ba2\u4f53\u3001\u975e\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><span title=\"electron diffraction, and structure determination using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL).\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><strong>\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.accounts.7b00366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Application of X-ray Diffraction and Electron Crystallography for Solving Complex Structure Problems <\/a><\/strong><strong>(Acc. Chem. Res. ,2017,<\/strong> <strong>DOI:10.1021\/acs.accounts.7b00366)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5b66\u672f\u7ec4\u6c34\u624b\u4f9b\u7a3f\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u725b\u7f16\u8f91\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f51\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u79d1\u6280\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5404\u5927\u9ad8\u6821\u7855\u535a\u751f\u3001\u4e00\u7ebf\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u662f\u8bc4\u8ff0\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/25127.html\"><strong>\u70b9\u6211<\/strong><strong>\u52a0\u5165\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8<\/strong><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u6295\u7a3f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u4f5c\u53ef\u52a0\u7f16\u8f91\u5fae\u4fe1\uff1aRDD-2011-CHERISH\uff0c\u4efb\u4e39\u4e39\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9080\u8bf7\u5404\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\u52a0\u5165\u4e13\u5bb6\u7fa4\u3002<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6750\u6599\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0a<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceshigu.com\/\"><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8c37<\/strong><\/a>\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1\u3001Progress in Polymer Science\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7535\u7eba\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u819c\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u6539\u6027\u548c\u5e94\u7528 \u56fe1 \u9759\u7535\u7eba\u4e1d\u4e2d\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5f62\u6210\u793a\u610f\u56fe \u819c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3247,"featured_media":110000,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[533],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zongshu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109993"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3247"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=109993"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":110446,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109993\/revisions\/110446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/110000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=109993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=109993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=109993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}