{"id":117042,"date":"2017-12-15T06:30:28","date_gmt":"2017-12-14T22:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=117042"},"modified":"2017-12-14T09:21:02","modified_gmt":"2017-12-14T01:21:02","slug":"nature%e5%ad%90%e5%88%8a%ef%bc%9a%e5%8d%95%e4%b8%aa%e7%9f%b3%e5%a2%a8%e5%be%ae%e6%99%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%b5%8c%e5%85%a5%e5%8f%af%e8%a7%86%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=117042","title":{"rendered":"Nature\u5b50\u520a\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u77f3\u58a8\u5fae\u6676\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef\u89c6\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u7b49\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u80fd\u591f\u53ef\u9006\u8131\u5d4c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7535\u8377\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7531\u5c42\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u8303\u5fb7\u534e\u529b\u76f8\u4e92\u7ed3\u5408\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5404\u5c42\u672c\u8eab\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d2\u5c42\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08intercalation compounds\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0ICs\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u5265\u79bb\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u7684\u524d\u8eaf\u4f53\uff0c\u4e14\u8131\u5d4c\u540e\u5c42\u95f4\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u5927\u7535\u8377\u5bb9\u91cf\u7279\u6027\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u77f3\u58a8ICs\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6750\u6599\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u5145\u7535\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u78b3\u589e\u5f3a\u94c5\u9178\u84c4\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7b49\u53ef\u518d\u5145\u80fd\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u7b49\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5d4c\u5165\u662f\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5d4c\u5165\u662f\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u5448\u73b0\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f53\u76f8\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u6bd4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u5728\u672a\u5d4c\u5165\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u5d4c\u5165\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6210\u679c\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5206\u6821\u7684B.C. Regan\u548cEdward R. White\uff08\u5171\u540c\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u5728Nature Communications<\/strong>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3aIntercalation events visualized in single microcrystals of graphite<\/strong>\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u4f7f\u7528\u5149\u5b66\u548c\u626b\u63cf\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5728\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\u5355\u4e2a\u77f3\u58a8\u5fae\u6676\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5d4c\u5165\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u53d8\u7535\u6d41\u8109\u51b2\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7f3a\u9677\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u5d4c\u5165\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fe\u6587\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe1\uff1a\u6db2\u6d41\u7535\u6c60\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a) \u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6db2\u6d41\u7535\u6c60\u5206\u89e3\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4e00\u6ef4H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\uff08\u5706\u76d8\uff09\u5939\u5728\u7531\u7845\u7247\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u900f\u660eSi3<\/sub>N4<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u7a97\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1b<\/p>\n

(b) \u5728\u52a0\u5165H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u548c\u9876\u90e8\u7845\u7247\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u5e95\u90e8\u7845\u7247\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u77f3\u58a8\u5355\u6676\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u7167\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe2\uff1a \u5d4c\u5165\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a-c) \u5728\u6db2\u6d41\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u6676\u77f3\u58a8\u8584\u7247\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u73af\u5f62\u6697\u573a\u626b\u63cf\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u56fe\u50cf(ADF STEM)\u3002\u5728\u91c7\u96c6\u56fe\u50cfb\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u6307\u793a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u77f3\u58a8\u8584\u7247\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\uff1b<\/p>\n

(d) \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u660e\u5d4c\u5165\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u548c\u8131\u51fa\uff08\u9ed1\u8272\uff09\u671f\u95f4\u7535\u538b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u65b9\u5411\uff1b<\/p>\n

(e-f) \u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u56fe\u50cf\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u4e3a(b-a)\u548c(c-b)\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u5e27\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1b<\/p>\n

(g) \u5728\u91c7\u96c6a-c\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u538b\u548c\u7535\u6d41\uff0c\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u7f29\u653e\u4ee5\u5339\u914da-c\u548ce\uff0cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

(h) \u80cc\u5e95\u7535\u6d41\u51cf\u53bb\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u5faa\u73af(d)\u7684\u4f0f\u5b89\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 \u5d4c\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a-b) \u5f53\u5355\u6676\u77f3\u58a8\u53d1\u751f\u5d4c\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u4e24\u5f20\u8fde\u7eed\u56fe\u50cf\uff1b<\/p>\n

(c) \u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u56fe\u50cf(b-a)\u663e\u793a\u77f3\u58a8\u7247\u7684\u989c\u8272\u53d8\u5316\uff1b<\/p>\n

(d) \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\/\u8131\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u5b8c\u6574\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u56fe\u3002\u7ea2\u8272\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u5d4c\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u5cf0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b2.0nC\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e4.3\u4e2a\u63d2\u5c42\uff1b<\/p>\n

(e) \u5168\u5faa\u73af(d)\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u5cf0\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9ed1\u8272\u7ebf\u6761\u8868\u660e\u56fe\u50cf(a, b)\u7684\u62cd\u6444\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 \u591a\u6b21\u5d4c\u5165\/\u8131\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a) \u5d4c\u5165\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u77f3\u58a8\u8584\u7247\uff1b<\/p>\n

(b-f) \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\/\u8131\u51fa\u5faa\u73af1\u30013\u548c4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5faa\u73af9\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u5faa\u73af9\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u77f3\u58a8\u8584\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u6807\u6ce8\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 \u968f\u7740\u9636\u6bb5\u6570\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u7684STEM\u886c\u5ea6\u6f14\u53d8\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(a-c) \u672a\u5d4c\u5165(a)\u3001\u9636\u6bb5X(b)\u548c\u9636\u6bb5X\u2019< X(c)\u77f3\u58a8\u7684ADF STEM\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u63d2\u56fe\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u663e\u793a\u7684\u548c\u524d\u4e00\u5e27\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u56fe\u50cf\uff1b<\/p>\n

(d) \u9664\u53bb\u80cc\u5e95\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u4e0e\u7535\u538b\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u8c31\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3aI\u2013IV\u3002\u7eff\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u83b7\u53d6\u56fe\u50cfa-c\u7684\u7535\u538b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\u4e3a\u53bb\u80cc\u5e95\u524d\u7684\u7535\u6d41-\u7535\u538b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u5c0f\u7ed3\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5f55\u5236\u5149\u5b66\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\u5355\u4e2a\u77f3\u58a8\u5fae\u6676\u5d4c\u5165\/\u8131\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5d4c\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7531\u7535\u6d41\u8109\u51b2\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7535\u6d41\u8109\u51b2\u4e0e\u5fae\u6676\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u672a\u5d4c\u5165\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u5fae\u6676\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8936\u76b1\u4e4b\u95f4\u754c\u9762\u5904\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7ed3\u6676\u533a\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5d4c\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5fae\u6676\u7247\u7684\u81ea\u6298\u53e0\u5904\u3002STEM\u56fe\u50cf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u6d41\u8109\u51b2\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5fae\u6676\u5185\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7f3a\u9677\u968f\u7740\u5faa\u73af\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u7740\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u6d41\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u6392\u5e03\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u548c\u8131\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u663e\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u6676\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u7f3a\u9677\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\uff1b\u7ecf\u5178\u7684RH\u548cDH\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9884\u671f\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f53\u76f8\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u7684STEM\u886c\u5ea6\u6f14\u53d8\u56fe\u50cf\u867d\u7136\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5e73\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u968f\u7740\u9636\u6bb5\u6570n\u22652\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6a2a\u5411\u8303\u56f4\u5c3a\u5bf8\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/strong>Intercalation events visualized in single microcrystals of graphite<\/a>\uff08Nat. Commun., 2017, DOI: 10.1038\/s41467-017-01787-8\uff09<\/p>\n

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