{"id":120483,"date":"2018-01-12T06:30:35","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T22:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=120483"},"modified":"2018-01-07T15:05:11","modified_gmt":"2018-01-07T07:05:11","slug":"%e6%9c%89%e6%9c%ba%e5%8c%96%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e5%91%bd%e5%90%8d%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%992017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=120483","title":{"rendered":"\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u539f\u52192017"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-content\" class=\"rich_media_area_primary\">\n<div id=\"img-content\">\n<div id=\"meta_content\" class=\"rich_media_meta_list\">\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5f97\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u8fc4\u4eca\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc7\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7ed9\u4e88\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u95f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6216\u542b\u84c4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/div>\n<div id=\"js_content\" class=\"rich_media_content \">\n<p><strong>\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7eaf\u7cb9\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a(IUPAC)\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u300b(IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u5904\u7406\u547d\u540d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u754c\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u4f1a\u6709\u56e0\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u6587\u6458\u300b\u7d22\u5f15\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684CAS\u547d\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e5f\u6709\u4eceBeilstein\u5927\u5168\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u4e0eIUPAC\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u56fd\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u53ca\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u754c\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e5f\u66fe\u5bf9\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u7ed9\u4e88\u6781\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c1978\u5e74\u767e\u5e9f\u5f85\u5174\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e13\u95e8\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\u5c0f\u7ec4\u201d\uff0c\u9488\u5bf91960\u5e74\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u8865\u548c\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c1980\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u300b(1980)\uff0c1983\u5e74\u5ba1\u5b9a\u540e\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u540e30\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u53c8\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u300b(1980)\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u786e\u5b9e\u5df2\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u5f53\u4eca\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e2d\u6587\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u5e26\u6765\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u5168\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u540d\u8bcd\u5ba1\u5b9a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u4f1a\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u5316\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\u5ba1\u5b9a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u5ba1\u5b9a\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u300b(1980)\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u4fee\u8ba2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img_loading aligncenter\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVQImWNgYGBgAAAABQABh6FO1AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"jpeg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/WvZZ689QqoOC1pfTIZOfk0KxEHjmTsYicOicgYVLWr8ueVGk8icEcmibnnOoBswkbRyTfRs6KU1fN3MaDciaicT9SDjA\/0?wx_fmt=jpeg\" data-copyright=\"0\" data-ratio=\"1.4862745098039216\" data-w=\"255\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-120485 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/1-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"256\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/1-7.jpg 256w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/1-7-203x300.jpg 203w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\uff08<\/strong><strong>1980<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u52301983\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u300b(1980)\u5236\u8ba2\u65f6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53c2\u8003\u4e86IUPAC\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a1979\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u84dd\u76ae\u4e66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u84dd\u76ae\u4e66\u8f83\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u547d\u540d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u63d0\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8fd8\u672a\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u300b(1980)\u4e3a\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7528\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e86\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u63d0\u6cd5\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u4fee\u6b63\u6216\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u9700\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u6587\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8fde\u7f00\u7528\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e0e\u601d\u8def<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bbe\u60f3\u662f\uff1a\u4e2d\u6587\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5e94\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u80fd\u5927\u81f4\u6db5\u76d6IUPAC 1979\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u547d\u540d\u84dd\u76ae\u4e66\u30011993\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6307\u5357\u548c\u8fc4\u4eca\u5728\u5176\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6709\u5173\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9002\u5f53\u53c2\u8003IUPAC 2004\u5e74\u5728\u5176\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u9996\u9009\u540d\u547d\u540d\u5efa\u8bae(\u9884\u89c8\u7a3f)\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u8be5\u5efa\u8bae10\u5e74\u540e\u4ee5\u65b0\u4e00\u7248\u84dd\u76ae\u4e66\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5316\u5b66\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u7684Nomenclature of OrganicChemistry\u2014IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013\uff1b\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u6587\u6784\u8bcd\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53c8\u6613\u4e8e\u4e0e\u82f1\u6587\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u7248\u4e2d\u5df2\u4f5c\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u540d\u548c\u7528\u5b57\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u4f5c\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u591f\u786e\u5207\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u7528\u5b57\u8fd8\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4ee5\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4fee\u8ba2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u4e86IUPAC 1993\u5e74\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u589e\u8865\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u591a\u73af\u6bcd\u4f53\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6211\u4eec1980\u5e74\u7248\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5929\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u201d\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c2\u7167IUPAC 1993\u5e74\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6539\u79f0\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u300b\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0cIUPAC\u5728\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7f16\u6392\u548c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u6709\uff1a\u4ee5\u6bcd\u4f53\u6c22\u5316\u7269(parent hydride)\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7edf\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\uff1b\u4ee5\u7279\u6027\u57fa\u56e2(characteristic group)\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2(functional group)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e2d\u6587\u547d\u540d\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7279\u6027\u57fa\u56e2\u4e0e\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5dee\u522b\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u754c\u4e5f\u5df2\u4e60\u60ef\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6545\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e24\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u6587\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u7ec4\u5408\u5404\u7ed3\u6784\u6784\u6210\u540d\u79f0\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u8fde\u7f00\u5b57\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53d8\u6362\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5143\u97f3\u5373\u53ef\u8868\u8fbe\u6784\u8bcd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u5bf91980\u5e74\u7248\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4f5c\u4e86\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u66f4\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u8be5\u7248\u5728\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u540d\u8bcd\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u201c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8fde\u7f00\u8bcd\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6784\u8bcd\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u7f00\u5b57\u3001\u524d\u7f00\u5b57\u548c\u540e\u7f00\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e86\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2d\u6587\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5b57\u201c\u57fa\u201d\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u4f7f\u5404\u79cd\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u65f6\u53e6\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u524d\u7f00\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u57281980\u5e74\u7248\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u4e2d\u5404\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7cfb\u6309\u5176\u7acb\u4f53\u5316\u5b66\u987a\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7531\u5c0f\u81f3\u5927\u4f9d\u6b21\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u5728IUPAC\u82f1\u6587\u547d\u540d\u65f6\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u5404\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6309\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u6392\u5217\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u591a\u952e\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u65f6\u96be\u4ee5\u6309\u7acb\u4f53\u5316\u5b66\u987a\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e00\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u6b21\u7f16\u53f7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528IUPAC\u7684\u6309\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6392\u5217\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5e76\u73af\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u62fc\u5408\u4f53\u65f6\u7684\u6392\u5217\u548c\u591a\u87ba\u73af\u65f6\u5404\u87ba\u8054\u73af\u7684\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u5efa\u8bae\u5747\u91c7\u7528IUPAC\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u542b\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u76843\uff5e10\u5143\u5355\u73af\u5316\u5408\u7269\u9664\u6709\u4fd7\u540d\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u547d\u540d\u91c7\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u7684Hantzsch-Widman\u6742\u73af\u547d\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u6b64\u547d\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c1980\u5e74\u7248\u4e2d\u672a\u4f5c\u76f8\u5e94\u5904\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6e90\u4e8e\u8be5\u547d\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u793a\u542b\u6c2e\u516d\u5143\u73af\u7684\u55ea\u3001\u542b\u6c27\u9971\u548c\u516d\u5143\u73af\u7684\u70f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u542b\u6c2e\u4e94\u5143\u73af\u7684\u5511\u5219\u5df2\u666e\u904d\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u6b64\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e2d\u9664\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u5b57\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u00a03\uff5e10\u00a0\u5143\u6742\u73af\u4f5c\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8eHantzsch-Widman\u6742\u73af\u547d\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u73af\u4e19\u71b3\u81f3\u73af\u7678\u71b3\u5b57\u6837\u8868\u793a\u5177\u6700\u5927\u7d2f\u79ef\u53cc\u952e\u6570\u76843\uff5e10\u5143\u73af\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u6742\u539f\u5b50\u540d\u79f0\u52a0\u201c\u6742\u201d\u5b57\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5bf9\u9971\u548c\u7684\u73af\u5219\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u70f7\u8868\u660e\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\u7528\u567b\u8868\u793a\u786b\u6742\uff0c\u7528\u8868\u793a\u6c27\u6742\u4e5f\u5df2\u8f83\u591a\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4e5f\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u8543(phanes)\u201d\u662fIUPAC 1998\u5e74\u660e\u786e\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u73af\u7cfb\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u73af\u8543\u201d(cyclophane)\u5219\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u89c1\u4e8eIUPAC 1993\u5e74\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\u5ba1\u5b9a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a1991\u5e74\u5c06\u5176\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u73af\u82b3\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u73af\u756a\u201d\u7684\u3002\u8543\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u73af\u72b6\u7684\u73af\u94fe\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2d\u6587\u201c\u73af\u82b3\u201d\u6240\u610f\u5473\u7684\u82b3\u73af-\u94fe\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e66\u4e2d\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u4e2d\u589e\u8865\u4e86\u201c3.9\u8282\u8543\u6bcd\u4f53\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u201d\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u6587\u7528\u5b57\u4e0a\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u5982\u3001\u81a6\u3001\u80c2\u7b49\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u916e\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u542b\u4e49\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u76f8\u5173\u7ae0\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u8f6e\u70f7(rotaxane)\u3001\u5bcc\u52d2\u70ef(fullerence)\u7b49\uff0cIUPAC\u5df2\u6709\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u672a\u6536\u5165\u6b64\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u7a3f\u4e2d\u3002\u787c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u822c\u5f52\u5c5e\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u6545\u672c\u6b21\u4e5f\u672a\u5217\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5219\u201d\u662f\u5efa\u8bae\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u4fd7\u540d\u3001\u534a\u4fd7\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u547d\u540d\u9014\u5f84\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u79f0\u3002IUPAC 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