{"id":137076,"date":"2018-05-05T14:00:34","date_gmt":"2018-05-05T06:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=137076"},"modified":"2018-05-04T11:40:11","modified_gmt":"2018-05-04T03:40:11","slug":"nature-materials%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%b6%e6%b6%88%e8%80%97%e7%9a%84%e5%85%89%e7%ba%a4%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=137076","title":{"rendered":"Nature Materials\uff1a\u96f6\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u5149\u7ea4\u81ea\u52a8\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u54cd\u5e94\u6750\u6599\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5177\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u590d\u6742\u51e0\u4f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u81f4\u52a8\u5668\u548c\u5fae\u578b\u51ff\u5b50\u3002\u7814\u7a76<\/span><span class=\"\">\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u53d8\u5f62\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/span> <span class=\"\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u65cb\u8f6c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8f6e\u8f74\u548c\u8f74\u56fe\u5f62\u3002<\/span> <span class=\"\">\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u51e0\u4f55\u96f6\u80fd\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u7ed5\u8f74\u884c\u8fdb\u7684\u521a\u6027\u8f6e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f15\u53d1\u5f39\u6027\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><span class=\"\">\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9884\u5e94\u53d8\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5c01\u95ed\u6210\u73af\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65cb\u8f6c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u574f\u6746\u5468\u56f4\u4ea7\u751f\u5f39\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u70ed\u6d74\u4e4b\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u81f4\u52a8\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span> <span class=\"\">\u6b64\u7ed3\u679c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u673a\u68b0\u9884\u5e94\u53d8\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3010\u6210\u679c\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"gt-res-content\">\n<div id=\"gt-res-dir-ctr\" dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"Smart materials that respond to light, thermal, electric or osmotic stresses  can be operated as simple linear actuators.\">\u54cd\u5e94\u5149\u3001\u70ed\u3001\u7535\u6216\u6e17\u900f\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u81f4\u52a8\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><span title=\"However, the concepts of classical mechanical machines seem far richer and extend beyond the reversible motions generated by these artificial materials.\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u673a\u68b0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u52a0\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><span title=\"To build truly complex continuum machines it is inevitable to think beyond the material properties and reflect on\n\">\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u6750\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d<\/span><span title=\"sample geometry, topology and symmetry.\">\u6837\u54c1\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u3002<\/span><span title=\"A notable principle from condensed matter physics states that whenever a continuous symmetry of a system is broken, a zero wavenumber, zero frequency 'hydrodynamic' mode emerges.\n\">\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u96f6\u6ce2\u6570\u3001\u96f6\u9891\u7387\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Classical examples are the nematic phase in liquid crystals and the ordered spin phase in the XY model 21 in which the rotational symmetry is broken by the preferred director or spin orientation.\">\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9e\u4f8b\u662f\u6db2\u6676\u4e2d\u7684\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u548cXY\u6a21\u578b21\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u81ea\u65cb\u76f8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65cb\u8f6c\u5bf9\u79f0\u88ab\u4f18\u9009\u7684\u5bfc\u5411\u6216\u81ea\u65cb\u53d6\u5411\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/span><span title=\"With no energy cost to rotate the molecules or spins collectively, the corresponding long wavelength distortion becomes a new hydrodynamic variable in the system.\">\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u6765\u5171\u540c\u65cb\u8f6c\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u81ea\u65cb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u957f\u6ce2\u957f\u7578\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c<strong>\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66<\/strong>\u7684<strong>Igor M. Kuli\u0107<\/strong> \u548c<strong> Falko Ziebert <\/strong>\u7814\u7a76\u5458<strong>\uff08\u5171\u540c\u901a\u8baf\uff09<\/strong>\u5728<strong>Nature Mater.<\/strong>\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201c<strong>Motorizing fibres with geometric zero-energy modes<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u672c\u6587<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"to elastic solids, here we propose a model, termed the 'embedded wheel', that allows the generation of soft motors into responsive materials.\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f39\u6027\u56fa\u4f53\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8f66\u8f6e\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f6f\u7535\u673a\u751f\u6210\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u6750\u6599\uff0c<\/span><span title=\"The idea is to induce and actively drive continuum-elastic modes in objects that bear internally trapped mechanical prestrains.\">\u5728\u627f\u53d7\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u68b0\u9884\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u8bf1\u5bfc\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u9a71\u52a8\u8fde\u7eed\u5f39\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"The idea is to induce and actively drive continuum-elastic modes in objects that bear internally trapped mechanical prestrains.\"><strong>\u3010\u56fe\u6587\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u56fe<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong> <strong>\u7403\u72b6ZeeMs\u9884\u62c9\u4f38\u5f39\u6027\u7269\u4f53<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-137085 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/1-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/1-2.png 700w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/1-2-300x180.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">a\uff09\u5c06\u5f39\u6027\u6746\u5c01\u95ed\u6210\u5706\u5f62\u73af\u8def\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5e94\u53d8\uff08\u5b9e\u7ebf\uff09\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u5e94\u53d8\uff08\u865a\u7ebf\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">b\uff09\u5f39\u6027\u73af\u9762\u73b0\u5728\u5177\u6709\u53d8\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">c\uff09\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u5f39\u6027\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u83ab\u6bd4\u4e4c\u65af\u5e26\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u76b1\u6298\u7684\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u7403\u72b6ZEEMs\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\"><strong>\u56fe<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong> <strong>\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a71\u52a8ZeeMs<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-137083 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/2-1.png 700w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/2-1-300x193.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">a\uff09\u7531\u5f2f\u66f2\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">b\uff09\u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u70ed\u8868\u9762\u548c<span class=\"\">\u73af\u5883\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cbfz\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u5782\u76f4\u4e8e\u5e73\u9762\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u70ed\u9884\u5e94\u53d8<\/span>\u65b9\u5411\uff1b<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">c\uff09\u51e0\u4f55\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u548c\u70ed\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\uff08a\u548cb\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a8\u6001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 &#8211; \u73af\u9762\u5f00\u59cb<\/span><span class=\"\">\u4ee5\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u89d2\u9891\u7387\u03c9\u8f6c\u52a8\u3002<\/span> \u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff08\u8349\u56fe\u6848\u4f8b\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<span class=\"\">\u8d1f\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u5982\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">d\uff09\u5728\u70ed\u677f\uff08175\u00b0C\uff09\u4e0a\u5c01\u95ed\u6210\u73af\u72b6\uff08\u534a\u5f842\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u539a\u5ea60.6\u6beb\u7c73\uff09\u7684PDMS\u7ea4\u7ef4\u53d8\u5f97\u575a\u56fa\u5355\u5411\u7535\u673a\uff1b <\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">e\uff09\u7528\u5c0f\u9ec4\u94dc\u7ba1\u5c06\u5c3c\u9f99\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5c01\u95ed\u6210\u73af\uff08\u534a\u5f846\u5398\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u65cb\u8f6c\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">f\uff09<span class=\"\">\u5404\u79cd\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u5c3c\u9f99\u73af\uff08\u7ea4\u7ef4\u539a\u5ea60.6\u6beb\u7c73\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u677f\u6e29\u89d2\u9891\u7387\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\"><strong>\u56fe<\/strong><strong>3<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u87ba\u65cb\u5149\u7ea4\u7535\u673a<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-137084 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/3-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/3-1.png 700w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/3-1-300x226.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">a\uff09\u5c3c\u9f99\u7ea4\u7ef4\u88ab\u94dd\u67b6\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u87ba\u65cb\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u3002<\/span> \u5728\u52a0\u70ed\u677f\u65f6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5149\u7ea4\u65cb\u8f6c<span class=\"\">\u56f4\u7ed5\u5176\u5207\u7ebf\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\/\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u626d\u8f6c\u80fd\u91cf\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">b\uff09\u5728185\u2103\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u7535\u673a\uff08\u7ea4\u7ef4\u539a\u5ea60.8mm\uff0c\u603b\u87ba\u65cb\u957f\u5ea63.2m\uff09<span class=\"\">\u63d0\u5347\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\uff08\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a20\u514b\u7684\u827e\u83f2\u5c14\u94c1\u5854\u590d\u5236\u54c1\uff09\uff0c<\/span> \u7ea4\u7ef4\u4ece\u87ba\u65cb\u652f\u67b6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u9ec4\u94dc\u7ba1\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u81ea\u7531\u65cb\u8f6c\uff1b<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">c\uff09\u87ba\u65cb\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7535\u6c60&#8217;\u7684\u5145\u7535\u3002<\/span> \u63d2\u56fe\uff1a\u87ba\u65cb\u5708\u6570\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\u5404\u79cd\u957f\u5ea6\u5728\u4e00\u7aef\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u963b\u585e\u3002 <\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">d\uff09\u5728c\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u7684\u5931\u901f\u8f6c\u77e9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u87ba\u65cb\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u663e\u793a\u7ebf\u6027\u7f29\u653e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\"><strong>\u56fe<\/strong><strong>4<\/strong>\u00a0<strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">\u7ebf\u6027\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u5bf9\u79f0\u7834\u788e\u548c\u81ea\u63a8\u8fdb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-137081 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/4-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/4-1.png 700w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/4-1-300x196.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">a\uff09\u5c3c\u9f99-6\u68d2\uff08\u76f4\u5f840.6mm\uff0c\u957f\u5ea612cm\uff09\u7684\u6eda\u52a8\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">b\uff09\u548cPDMS\u68d2\uff08\u76f4\u5f843mm\uff0c\u957f\u5ea611cm\uff09\u7684\u6eda\u52a8\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">c\uff09\u70ed\u91cf<span class=\"\">\u68af\u5ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\/\u6216\u6536\u7f29\u5f15\u8d77\u5f2f\u66f2\u3002<\/span>\u8be5<span class=\"\">\u6e29\u5ea6\u5f88\u70ed\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u6216\u51b7\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u3002<\/span> \u7531\u4e8e\u7981\u95ed\uff08\u5728<span class=\"\">\u677f\uff09\u5f2f\u66f2\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u626d\u77e9\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\">d\uff09<span class=\"\">\u8f6c\u77e9\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u8f67\u5236\u901f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6807\u5fd7<\/span>\u6750\u6599\u7684\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u7cfb\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u56fe5 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span class=\"\">\u7ea4\u7ef4\u65cb\u8f6c\u548c\u6eda\u52a8<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-137082 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/5-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/5-1.png 700w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/5-1-300x227.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"a, Thermally induced curvature as a function of temperature for a nylon-6 fibre of radius 0.3\u2009mm.\">a\uff09\u534a\u5f84\u4e3a0.3mm\u7684\u5c3c\u9f99-6\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6e29\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u70ed\u8bf1\u5bfc\u66f2\u7387\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"b, Rolling\n\">b\uff09\u6eda\u52a8<\/span><span title=\"velocity (same fibre as in a).\">\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u4e0ea\u4e2d\u7684\u7ea4\u7ef4\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/span><span title=\"During the first temperature cycle (red line), the fibre undergoes an annealing process and becomes conditioned ('trained').\n\">\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e29\u5ea6\u5faa\u73af\uff08\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff09\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5149\u7ea4\u7ecf\u5386\u9000\u706b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d8\u200b\u200b\u5f97\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u201c\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u201d\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n <\/span><span title=\"In the subsequent cycles of decreasing\/increasing temperature, the fibre attains a reproducible velocity (blue\/green curves).\">\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u964d\u6e29\/\u5347\u6e29\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u91cd\u73b0\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u84dd\/\u7eff\u66f2\u7ebf\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"c, Single fibres are bidirectional\n\">c\uff09\u5355\u7ea4\u7ef4\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u7684<\/span><span title=\"motor units able to perform work, in the experiment shown here it is against their own weight on an inclined plane.\">\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9a6c\u8fbe\u5355\u5143\u5728\u503e\u659c\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u62b5\u6297\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Shown is the angular turning frequency\n\">\u663e\u793a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8f6c\u5411\u9891\u7387<\/span><span title=\"of a nylon-6 fibre (0.2\u2009mm radius) as a function of the axial torque at two different temperatures (red, 180\u2009\u00b0C; blue, 140\u2009\u00b0C).\">\u7684\u5c3c\u9f99-6\u7ea4\u7ef4\uff080.2mm\u534a\u5f84\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c180\u2103;\u84dd\u8272\uff0c140\u2103\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u8f74\u5411\u626d\u77e9\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Solid lines are fits to the\n\">\u5b9e\u7ebf\u9002\u5408<br \/>\n <\/span><span title=\"theoretically predicted torque\u2013velocity relation (Supplementary Methods).\">\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u626d\u77e9 &#8211; \u901f\u5ea6\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8865\u5145\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"d, Fibres with decreasing radii rotate with increasing angular frequencies:\n\">d\uff09\u534a\u5f84\u51cf\u5c0f\u7684\u5149\u7ea4\u968f\u7740\u89d2\u9891\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff1a<\/span><span title=\"experimental data for two temperatures and a power-law fit R \u2212\u03b3 with \u03b3\u2009= \u20090.75.\">\u4e24\u4e2a\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u03b3= 0.75\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u62df\u5408R-\u03b3\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u3010\u5c0f\u7ed3\u3011<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div id=\"gt-res-content\">\n<div id=\"gt-res-dir-ctr\" dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"We have proposed a concept termed 'wheel within the material' and demonstrated its practical feasibility using mundane polymer fibres.\">\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6750\u6599\u5185\u7684\u8f6e\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u666e\u901a\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7ea4\u7ef4\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Toroidal, spiral and even linear fibres turn into robust, one-piece motors when driven away from equilibrium due to dynamic frustration that emerges within the material.\">\u7531\u4e8e\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8\u79bb\u5f00\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u73af\u5f62\uff0c\u87ba\u65cb\u548c\u751a\u81f3\u7ebf\u6027\u5149\u7ea4\u53d8\u6210\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u5355\u4ef6\u5f0f\u7535\u673a\u3002<\/span><span title=\"ZEEMs in materials are ubiquitous and generating dynamic frustration to drive them can be as easy as placing spaghetti on a hot stove.\">\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684ZEEM\u662f\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u529b\u4ee5\u9a71\u52a8\u5b83\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/span><span title=\"The underlying model suggests that many other driving mechanisms should potentially induce rotation;\">\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u9a71\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f6e\u6362\uff1b<\/span><span title=\"in fact, the energy pumping rate (p), here related to a heat flux, could be substituted by any flux normal to the plane and coupling to the strain.\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0e\u70ed\u901a\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6cf5\u9001\u901f\u7387\uff08p\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5782\u76f4\u4e8e\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u91cf\u548c\u4e0e\u5e94\u53d8\u7684\u8026\u5408\u6240\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><span title=\"The insight that we can now dispense with the ancient wheel and axle and utilize intrinsic ZEEMs instead opens exciting new perspectives on soft machines.\">\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5f03\u53e4\u8001\u8f66\u8f6e\u548c\u8f66\u8f74\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5185\u5728ZEEMs\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u4e3a\u8f6f\u673a\u5668\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/span><span title=\"The ZEEM motors, made from mundane plastic, rubber and starch, call for rethinking the very meaning of a smart material and shift the spotlight from microscopic material properties to symmetry and topology.\">\u91c7\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5851\u6599\u3001\u6a61\u80f6\u548c\u6dc0\u7c89\u5236\u9020\u7684ZEEM\u7535\u673a\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u667a\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u8f6c\u5411\u5bf9\u79f0\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><span title=\"Through them, the material acquires a form of collective smartness that resides in none of its individual parts, yet is globally encoded in their delicate interplay.\">\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u4e2a\u7403\u4f53\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41563-018-0062-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Motorizing fibres with geometric zero-energy modes<\/a>\uff08<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"zh-CN\"><span title=\"With no energy cost to rotate the molecules or spins collectively, the corresponding long wavelength distortion becomes a new hydrodynamic variable in the system.\">Nature Mater.<\/span><\/span>\uff0c2018\uff0cDOI:10.1038\/s41563-018-0062-0\uff09<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5b66\u672f\u7ec4\u6c34\u624b\u4f9b\u7a3f\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u725b\u7f16\u8f91\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6750\u6599\u725b\u7f51\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u79d1\u6280\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5404\u5927\u9ad8\u6821\u7855\u535a\u751f\u3001\u4e00\u7ebf\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u662f\u8bc4\u8ff0\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/25127.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u70b9\u6211\u52a0\u5165\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u8bdd\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\u6216\u4e86\u89e3\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u62db\u52df\u8be6\u60c5\uff0c\u8bf7\u52a0\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u4ea4\u6d41\u7fa4\uff08298064863\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6750\u6599\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0a<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceshigu.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8c37<\/strong><\/a><strong>\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u5f15\u8a00\u3011 \u54cd\u5e94\u6750\u6599\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5177\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u590d\u6742\u51e0\u4f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u81f4\u52a8\u5668\u548c\u5fae\u578b\u51ff\u5b50\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u53d8\u5f62\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u6210\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u4e2d&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3247,"featured_media":137085,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[215],"tags":[42],"class_list":["post-137076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jiedu","tag-gaofenzi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137076"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3247"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=137076"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":137327,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137076\/revisions\/137327"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/137085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=137076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=137076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=137076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}