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\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u8054\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u975e\u5e38\u5bbd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u9020\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5747\u4e00\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3002\u5229\u7528\u4f4e\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5d4c\u6bb5\u5171\u805a\u7269\u6216\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea4\u8054\u5242\u6765\u6539\u5584\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u4f4e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5982\u5c40\u90e8\u5e94\u53d8\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u591a\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53cc\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5206\u7ea7\u4eff\u751f\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9aa8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cc\u7f51\u7edc\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u7531\u7269\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u76f8\u4e92\u7a7f\u63d2\u5f62\u6210\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u786c\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u8106\u6027\u5927\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u8f6f\u6027\u53ef\u62c9\u4f38\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u786c\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7531\u6709\u673a-\u65e0\u673a\u6742\u5316\u6750\u6599\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u4eff\u9aa8\u5934\uff1b\u800c\u8f6f\u6027\u53ef\u62c9\u4f38\u7f51\u7edc\u5219\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5728\u5916\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u5907\u7ef4\u6301\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u53cc\u7f51\u7edc\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4eff\u751f\u8f6f\u9aa8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def[6]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 <\/b><\/strong>\u542b\u6709\u949b\u9178\u76d0\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u70b9[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u808c\u8089\u6216\u8005\u8171\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5229\u7528\u5f3a\u78c1\u573a\uff0cAida\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4[7]<\/sup>\u5c06\u5355\u5c42\u7684\u949b\u9178\u76d0\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u78c1\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u949b\u9178\u76d0\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u5728\u80f6\u4f53\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u540c\u8f74\u6392\u5217\u5f62\u6210\u51c6\u6676\u4f53\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u539f\u4f4d\u4e59\u70ef\u805a\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u949b\u9178\u76d0\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u884c\u65bd\u52a0\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7684\u526a\u5207\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u6613\u4f7f\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u53d8\u5f62\uff1b\u800c\u6b63\u4ea4\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u53d1\u751f\u5f62\u53d8\uff08\u56fe3\uff09\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u8f6f\u9aa8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e3a\u6750\u6599\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u8c8c\u4eff\u751f<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5177\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u548c\u5f62\u8c8c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4eff\u751f\u5236\u5907\u5b8f\u89c2\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u8c8c\u4e0a\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7ae0\u9c7c\u8db3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4eff\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u808c\u8089\u9a71\u52a8\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8db3\u5185\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u754c\u9762\u5177\u5907\u53ef\u5f00\u5173\u7684\u7c98\u9644\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53d7\u6b64\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76[8]<\/sup>\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u667a\u80fd\u7c98\u6027\u677f\u3002\u5982\u56fe4\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c98\u6027\u677f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a7a\u8154-\u56fe\u6848\u5316\u7684PDMS\u819c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f39\u6027\u57fa\u8d28\uff0c\u6e29\u654f\u6027\u7684pNIPAM\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u5219\u6d82\u8986\u5728\u57fa\u8d28\u9876\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u6e29\u654f\u6027\u81f4\u52a8\u58c1\u3002pNIPAM\u5728\u4f4e\u4e34\u754c\u6eb6\u89e3\u6e29\u5ea6\uff08\u7ea6\u4e3a32\u2103\uff09\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d82\u8986\u5728PDMS\u4e0a\u7684\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u7a7a\u8154\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u7c98\u6027\u677f\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u9762\u63a5\u89e6\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u4f53\u79ef\u53d1\u751f\u76b1\u7f29\u81f4\u4f7f\u7a7a\u8154\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8154\u5185\u538b\u529b\u51cf\u5c0f\u800c\u8bf1\u53d1\u4e86\u7c98\u6027\u677f\u7684\u7c98\u9644\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u5f53\u7c98\u6027\u677f\u51b7\u5374\u540e\uff0c\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u6eb6\u80c0\u5e76\u51cf\u5c0f\u7a7a\u8154\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u8154\u5185\u5916\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5dee\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5f31\u4e86\u7c98\u6027\u677f\u7684\u7c98\u6027\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u7ae0\u9c7c\u8db3\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u667a\u80fd\u7c98\u6027\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5fae\u7eb3\u819c\u7684\u8f6c\u5370\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u6cd5\u8f6c\u5370\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u5728\u7845\u57fa\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684InGaAs\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u8fc1\u79fb\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u7535\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 <\/b><\/strong>\u4eff\u751f\u7ae0\u9c7c\u8db3\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u7c98\u6027\u677f[8]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4eff\u751f\u7535\u9cd7\u751f\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50-\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u819c\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u5fae\u5ba4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u68af\u5ea6\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u52bf\u5dee\u8d85\u8fc7100V\u7684\u7535\u529b[9]<\/sup>\uff1b\u4eff\u751f\u67f3\u53f6\u9cd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u5907\u9ad8\u901f\u3001\u9ad8\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u900f\u5149\u900f\u6c34\u7684\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6[10]<\/sup>\uff1b\u4eff\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u53d8\u8272\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u53ef\u81ea\u6108\u5408\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8272\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6[11]<\/sup>\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u5230\u6cb3\u8c5a\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u8c8c\u542f\u53d1\u5236\u5907\u7684\u53ef\u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u5668\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u6eb6\u80c0\u901f\u7387\u5feb\u3001\u6eb6\u80c0\u6bd4\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u5728\u80c3\u90e8\u957f\u671f\u505c\u7559\u5e76\u68c0\u6d4b\u751f\u7406\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u53ef\u5438\u6536\u5668\u4ef6[12]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/b>\u201c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u201d\u4eff\u751f<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u56fe5 <\/b><\/strong>\u6a21\u4eff\u808c\u8089\u953b\u70bc\u5f3a\u5316\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff08out-of-equilibrium state\uff09\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u808c\u8089\u5229\u7528\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5468\u906d\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u73af\u5883\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u957f\u6216\u8005\u840e\u7f29\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u578b\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u601d\u8def\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9f9a\u5251\u840d\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4[13]<\/sup>\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u53cc\u7f51\u7edc\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u4e2d\u4eff\u751f \u201c\u4ee3\u8c22\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u529b\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u7684\u6108\u5408\u751a\u81f3\u5f3a\u5316\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u7834\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u6a21\u4eff\u808c\u8089\u635f\u4f24\uff1b\u800c\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5355\u4f53\u91cd\u5851\u7f51\u7edc\u5219\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u4fee\u590d\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u5065\u8eab\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u808c\u8089\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u953b\u70bc\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u7f51\u7edc\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u501f\u7531\u5e94\u529b\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u7834\u574f-\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u5b66\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\uff08\u56fe5\uff09\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5355\u4f53\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ecf\u5386\u201c\u635f\u4f24-\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u7684\u6c34\u51dd\u80f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u808c\u8089\u4e00\u6837\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u201c\u5065\u58ee\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Fan, H.; Gong, J. Fabrication of Bioinspired Hydrogels: Challenges and Opportunities. Macromolecules 2020, 53, 2769-2782.<\/p>\n

2. Lee, H.; Lee, B. P.; Messersmith, P. B. A reversible wet\/dryadhesive inspired by mussels and geckos. Nature 2007, 448, 338\u2212341.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0Holten-Andersen, N.; Harrington, M. J.; Birkedal, H.; Lee, B.; Messersmith, P. B.; Lee, K. Y. C.; Waite, J. H. pH-induced metalligand\u00a0cross-links inspired by mussel yield self-healing polymer\u00a0networks with near-covalent elastic moduli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S.\u00a0A. 2011, 108, 2651\u22122655.<\/p>\n

4. Kang, M. K.; Colombo, J. S.; D\u2019Souza, R. N.; Hartgerink, J. D.Sequence Effects of Self-Assembling MultiDomain Peptide Hydrogels\u00a0on Encapsulated SHED Cells. Biomacromolecules 2014, 15, 2004\u22122011.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0Fan, H. L.; Wang, J. H.; Tao, Z.; Huang, J. C.; Rao, P.;Kurokawa, T.; Gong, J. P. Adjacent cationic\u2212aromatic sequences yield\u00a0strong electrostatic adhesion of hydrogels in seawater. Nat. Commun.\u00a02019, 10, 5127.<\/p>\n

6. Gong, J. P. Why are double network hydrogels so tough? SoftMatter 2010, 6, 2583\u22122590.<\/p>\n

7. Liu, M.; Ishida, Y.; Ebina, Y.; Sasaki, T.; Hikima, T.; Takata,; Aida, T. An anisotropic hydrogel with electrostatic repulsion\u00a0between cofacially aligned nanosheets. Nature 2015, 517, 68\u221272.<\/p>\n

8. Lee, H.; Um, D.-S.; Lee, Y.; Lim, S.; Kim, H.-j.; Ko, H.Octopus-Inspired Smart Adhesive Pads for Transfer Printing of\u00a0Semiconducting Nanomembranes. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 7457\u22127465.<\/p>\n

9. Schroeder, T. B. H.; Guha, A.; Lamoureux, A.;VanRenterghem, G.; Sept, D.; Shtein, M.; Yang, J.; Mayer, M. An\u00a0electric-eel-inspired soft power source from stacked hydrogels. Nature\u00a02017, 552, 214\u2212218.<\/p>\n

10. Yuk, H.; Lin, S.; Ma, C.; Takaffoli, M.; Fang, N. X.; Zhao, X.Hydraulic hydrogel actuators and robots optically and sonically\u00a0camouflaged in water. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 14230.<\/p>\n

11. Fu, F.; Chen, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, H.; Shang, L.; Gu, Z.; Zhao, Bio-inspired self-healing structural color hydrogel. Proc. Natl. Acad.\u00a0Sci. U. S. A. 2017, 114, 5900\u22125905.<\/p>\n

12. Liu, X.; Steiger, C.; Lin, S.; Parada, G. A.; Liu, J.; Chan, H. F.;Yuk, H.; Phan, N. V.; Collins, J.; Tamang, S.; Traverso, G.; Zhao, X.\u00a0Ingestible hydrogel device. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 493.<\/p>\n

13. Matsuda, T.; Kawakami, R.; Namba, R.; Nakajima, T.; Gong, P. Mechanoresponsive self-growing hydrogels inspired by muscle\u00a0training. Science 2019, 363, 504\u2212508.<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531nanoCJ\u4f9b\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005\u72ec\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f51\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672a\u7ecf\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff0c\u6388\u6743\u4e8b\u5b9c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfbkefu@cailiaoren.com\u3002<\/p>\n

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