{"id":203736,"date":"2020-06-19T10:52:39","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T02:52:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=203736"},"modified":"2020-06-19T10:52:39","modified_gmt":"2020-06-19T02:52:39","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e6%96%87%e8%af%bb%e6%87%82%e6%b0%ae%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%a6%e7%94%b5%e5%82%ac%e5%8c%96%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=203736","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u6587\u8bfb\u61c2\u6c2e\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1. \u80cc\u666f\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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2. \u6c2e\u5316\u5b66\u57fa\u7840<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1. \u56fa\u6c2e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1aBeyond fossil fuel\u2013driven nitrogen transformations (Science, 2018, DOI: 10.1126\/science.aar6611)<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6c2e\u6c14\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7535\u8fd8\u539f\u548c\u7535\u6c27\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f83\u6e29\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u56fe2\u4e3aN2<\/sub>-H2<\/sub>O\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684Pourbaix\u56fe\uff08pH-\u7535\u4f4d\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u9664H2<\/sub>-H2<\/sub>O\u548cO2<\/sub>-H2<\/sub>O\u4e24\u6761\u865a\u7ebf\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6807\u6ce8\u51faN2<\/sub>-NH3<\/sub>\uff0cN2<\/sub>-N2<\/sub>H4<\/sub>\uff0cNO- 3-N2<\/sub>\u4e09\u5bf9\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u7535\u5bf9\u7684\u7535\u52bf-pH\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c2e\u6c14\u7ecf\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff08NRR\uff09\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6c28\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7535\u89e3\u6c34\u6790\u6c22\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ed\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u533a\u57df\u5185\u53ea\u53d1\u751fNRR\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751fHER\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u80bc\u5219\u8f83\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7535\u4f4d\u66f4\u8d1f\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\u80bc\u7684\u7535\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff08HzOR\uff09\u5219\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8eHOR\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u6c22\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u538b\u548c\u529f\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6c28\u548c\u80bc\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u7535\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7535\u52bf\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230pH\u53d8\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8f83\u5f3a\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u4f4epH\uff09\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6c2e\u6c14\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8pH\u6761\u4ef6\u5219\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c2e\u6c27\u5316\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cpH>1.3\u65f6\u6c2e\u6c14\u7ecf10\u7535\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7535\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a\u785d\u9178\u6839\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e4\u7535\u5b50OER\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7535\u4f4d\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7f3a\u5c11\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u7684\u7535\u8fd8\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u89e6\u53d1HER\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8f83\u5bbd\u7535\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2. \u6c2e\u6c14-\u6c34\u4f53\u7cfb\u51e0\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7269\u79cd\u95f4\u7684pH-\u7535\u4f4d\u56fe\uff08Pourbaix\u56fe\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1aElectrochemical nitrogen fixation and utilization: theories, advanced catalyst materials and system design (Chem. Soc. Rev.. 2019, DOI:10.1039\/C9CS00159J \u00a0)<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6c2e\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u51e0\u79cd\u542b\u6c2e\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ece\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u5747\u53ef\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u4e14\u6240\u9700\u7535\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u6c34\u533a\u95f4\u76f8\u8fd1\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u5f80\u5f80\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u52bf\u5792\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff08Nitrogen Reduction Reaction, NRR\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u6307\u6c2e\u6c14\u5728\u9634\u6781\u63a5\u6536\u7535\u5b50\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u6c2e\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u4e3a\u5ba4\u6e29\u5e38\u538b\u4e0b\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684H-B\u6cd5\u5de5\u4e1a\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u9700\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\uff08350-550 \u00b0C\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u538b\uff08200-350 bar\uff09\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u82db\u523b\uff0c\u80fd\u8017\u9ad8\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u6295\u8d44\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4e14\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u50ac\u5316NRR\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e38\u538b\u548c\u63a5\u8fd1\u5ba4\u6e29\u7684\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u5c06\u6c2e\u6c14\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6c28\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6781\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u6574\u4e2a\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u3001\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u4e0eH-B\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u6c22\u6c14\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c22\u6e90\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9634\u6781\u53d1\u751fNRR\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9633\u6781\u5219\u53d1\u751fOER\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9634\u6781\uff1aN2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 6H+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 6e–<\/sup>\u00a0\u21d2\u00a02NH3<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u9633\u6781\uff1a3H2<\/sub>O \u2013 6e–<\/sup>\u00a0\u21d2\u00a06H+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 3\/2 O2<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5HOR\u4ee3\u66ffOER\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9633\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u53cd\u5e94\u603b\u7535\u52bf\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7ea6\u7535\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u6599\u5219\u9700\u6d88\u8017\u6c22\u6c14\uff0c\u603b\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0eH-B\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6c28\u5206\u5b50\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u6c34\u5408\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8d28\u5b50\u7535\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8d77\u59cb\u7535\u4f4d\u6b63\u79fb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u9178\u6027\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8eNRR\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e0e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cNRR\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u591a\u6b65\u7535\u5b50-\u8d28\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7531\u4e0a\u5f0f\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7NRR\u53cd\u5e94\u4ece\u6c2e\u6c14\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6c28\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a6\u7535\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0eORR\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u76844\u7535\u5b50\/2\u7535\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cNRR\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a4\u7535\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c2e\u6c14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u80bc\uff08N2<\/sub>H4<\/sub>\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

N2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 4H+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 4e–<\/sup>\u00a0\u21d2\u00a0N2<\/sub>H4<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u540c\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u80bc\u7684\u6c34\u5408\u4e0e\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u5e73\u8861\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u4ea7\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u591a\u7684NRR\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u51e0\u5927\u7c7b\uff1ai)\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5Au\uff0cPd\uff0cRu\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8HER\u6d3b\u6027\u7684Pt\u3001Ir\u5219\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u53cd\u5e94\uff1bii)\u65e0\u673a\u975e\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u53ca\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3001\u786b\u5316\u7269\u3001\u78f7\u5316\u7269\u3001\u6c2e\u5316\u7269\u7b49\uff0c\u8f83\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6709NbO2<\/sub>\uff0cVN\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caMo\u7cfb\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u8fd1\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660eBi\u7cfb\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u524d\u666f\uff1biii)\u6709\u673a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caiv)\u65e0\u673a\u6750\u6599\uff08\u5982\u6c2e\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u9ed1\u9cde\u7b49\uff09\u4e0e\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u3002\u9664\u9634\u6781\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6c2e\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b49\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e94\u7535\u4f4d\u533a\u95f4\u4e0eHER\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u4e14\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0bNRR\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u52bf\u5792\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4ee5\u7ade\u4e89\u7684HER\u53cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ea7\u6c28\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u8db320%\uff0c\u6c28\u4ea7\u7387\u4e5f\u8f83\u5de5\u4e1a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4f4e2-3\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u6291\u5236HER\u7ade\u4e89\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u548c\u6c28\u4ea7\u7387\u662f\u8fd1\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u6c28\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff08Ammonia Oxidation Reaction, AOR\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6c28\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u5373\u6c28\u7684\u7535\u6c27\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fNRR\u7684\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n

AOR: NH3<\/sub>\u00a0-3e–<\/sup>\u00a0+ 3OH–<\/sup>\u00a0\u21d2\u00a01\/2N2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u6548\u7684AOR\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ece\u80fd\u6e90\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u6c28\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6db2\u6001\u50a8\u6c22\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6db2\u6c28\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u50a8\u6c22\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8fbe0.13 kg l-1<\/sup>\uff08\u6db2\u6c22\u4ec5\u4e3a0.071 kg l-1<\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u6db2\u6c22\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u800c\u6c22\u6781\u96be\u6db2\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u538b\u50a8\u7f50\uff0870MPa\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c\u4f53\u79ef\u50a8\u80fd\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6c28\u5219\u6781\u6613\u538b\u7f29\u6db2\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u8fd0\u8f93\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u6c28\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0e\u6c22\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c28\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6c28\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\uff08Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell, DAFC\uff09\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u6c22\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u7535\u538b\uff08~1.14 V\uff09\uff1b\u6c28\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u50a8\u6c22\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u7535\u89e3\u4ea7\u751f\u6c22\u6c14\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7535\u89e3\u7535\u538b\u4ec5\u97000.09 V\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7535\u89e3\u6c34\u53ef\u8282\u7ea690%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u80fd\u3002\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u704c\u6e89\u6392\u6c34\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6c34\u3001\u4eba\u755c\u5c3f\u6db2\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u5e9f\u6c2e\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u6c28\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6c28\u6c27\u5316\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u8fdb\u884c\u9633\u6781\u6c27\u5316\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u51c0\u6c34\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u6c22\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u56de\u6536\u6240\u8017\u7535\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4ec5\u6b64\uff0cAOR\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u4ea7\u6c22\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u524d\uff0cAOR\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u79cd\u7c7b\u548c\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u591a\u7684AOR\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1ai)Pt\u57fa\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5546\u7528Pt\/C\uff0cPt\u5408\u91d1\u5982PtAu, PtIr, PtRh, PtPd,PtNi\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u7eb3\u7c73\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u6750\u6599\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u5176\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e14Pt\u50ac\u5316AOR\u8d77\u59cb\u7535\u4f4d\u9ad8\uff08~0.5 V\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u6781\u6613\u6bd2\u5316\u5931\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002Pt\u8868\u9762AOR\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6676\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u53ea\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u6676\u9762\u5982(100)\u4e0a\u9ad8\u6548\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u6676\u9762\u5982(110)(111)\u5219\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u6676Pt\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u5355\u6676\u3002ii)Ni\u57fa\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u5c5eNi\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caNi\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\/\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e3aNiCu\u5408\u91d1\u53ca\u5176\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u6bd2\u5316\u5931\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u59cb\u7535\u4f4d\u8f83Pt\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1OER\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51f8\u663eAOR\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u4f18\u52bf\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u6c2e\u6c14\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u5404\u7c7b\u6c2e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u548c\u785d\u9178\u76d0\/\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e8c\u6b21\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53d7\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ee5AOR\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6c28\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u538b\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u529f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6781\u5dee\uff0c\u800c\u7535\u89e3\u6c28\u4ea7\u6c22\u5219\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u7406\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\u4e0e\u4f4e\u8017\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u4e8c\u6b21\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5927\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u529b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u80bc\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff08Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction, HzOR\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0eAOR\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u80bc\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u662fNRR\u7684\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ee5\u80bc\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u6599\uff1a<\/p>\n

HzOR: N2<\/sub>H4<\/sub>\u00a0-4e–<\/sup>\u00a0+ 4OH–<\/sup>\u00a0\u21d2\u00a0N2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 4H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u4e0eAOR\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u662fHzOR\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u80bc\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u89e3\u4ea7\u6c22\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cHzOR\u5177\u6709\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8eAOR\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002\u80bc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u80fd\u71c3\u6599\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u6c28\uff0c\u80bc\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u50a8\u6c22\u5bc6\u5ea6\u867d\u7136\u7565\u4f4e\uff0812.6 wt%\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4f53\u79ef\u50a8\u6c22\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff080.13 kg l-1<\/sup>\uff09\u5374\u4e0e\u6c28\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e14\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u66f4\u52a0\u6d3b\u6cfc\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u3002HzOR\u8d77\u59cb\u7535\u4f4d\u751a\u81f3\u4f4e\u4e8eHOR\uff08\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e3a-0.332 V\u00a0vs\u00a0RHE\uff09\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u4ea7\u6c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u81ea\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u80fd\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u6c22\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u4ee5\u80bc\u4e3a\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u80bc\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\uff08Direct Hydrazine Fuel Cell, DHzFC\uff09\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5f00\u8def\u7535\u538b\uff08~1.56 V\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5176\u6db2\u6001\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8fd0\u8f93\u6280\u672f\u8fdc\u6bd4\u6c22\u6210\u719f\u3002\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u6784\u7b51\u4ee5\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e3a\u9633\u6781\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u80bc-\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u529f\u7387\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6216\u6784\u5efa\u80bc-\u94c1\u79bb\u5b50\u7eaf\u6db2\u6001\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6c27\u6c14\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6f5c\u8247\u3001\u592a\u7a7a\u7b49\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62d3\u5c55\u80bc\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8eAOR\uff0c\u80bc\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6c27\u5316\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5728\u6c27\u5316\u751f\u6210\u6c2e\u6c14\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c28\u9700\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b65N-N\u952e\u7ed3\u5408\u6b65\uff0c\u8be5\u6b65\u4e3a\u975e\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u52bf\u5792\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u538b\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u51b3\u901f\u6b65\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u53cd\u5e94\u7535\u6d41\uff1bHzOR\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u6599\u80bc\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210N-N\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8026\u5408\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b65\u5747\u4e3a\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u52bf\u6765\u8c03\u63a7\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cHzOR\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8eAOR\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u8d77\u59cb\u7535\u4f4d\u53ef\u4f4e\u4e8e0V\uff0c\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u540c\u6837\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u6bd2\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5df2\u62a5\u9053\u7684HzOR\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\uff1ai)\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982Pt, Pd, Au, Ag\uff1bii)\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5982Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u91d1\uff1biii)\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3001\u786b\u5316\u7269\u3001\u78f7\u5316\u7269\u7b49\uff1biv)\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eHzOR\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5Pt\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u4f73\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u800c\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5305\u62ecNiZn\/C\uff0cCu\u7eb3\u7c73\u9635\u5217\uff0cFe\u63ba\u6742CoS2<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u7b49\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u62d3\u5c55\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u578b\u7684\u5168\u7535\u6c60\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u785d\u9178\u76d0\/\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u8fd8\u539f<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3. \u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\u6c2e-\u6c22\u80fd\u6e90\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1aElectrochemical nitrogen fixation and utilization: theories, advanced catalyst materials and system design (Chem. Soc. Rev.. 2019, DOI:10.1039\/C9CS00159J)<\/p>\n

7<\/b><\/strong>. <\/b><\/strong>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u7531Lane\u4f9b\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n

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