{"id":207201,"date":"2020-08-20T06:28:12","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T22:28:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=207201"},"modified":"2020-08-20T09:45:43","modified_gmt":"2020-08-20T01:45:43","slug":"%e7%b2%be%e5%93%81%e5%b9%b2%e8%b4%a7-%e7%9b%98%e7%82%b9nature%e5%92%8cscience%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8%e9%80%8f%e5%b0%84%e8%a1%a8%e5%be%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=207201","title":{"rendered":"\u7cbe\u54c1\u5e72\u8d27  \u76d8\u70b9Nature\u548cScience\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u900f\u5c04\u8868\u5f81"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u968f\u7740\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u539f\u4f4d\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u522b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4f4d\u9519\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u754c\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u6750\u6599\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56fa\u6001\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u5fae\u89c2\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9009\u62e9\u5728Nature\u548cScience\u671f\u520a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u51e0\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u900f\u5c04\u7167\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u900f\u5c04\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u5c06\u6210\u679c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u9876\u520a\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\u7b14\u8005\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\uff0c\u6545\u6240\u9009\u8868\u5f81\u56fe\u7247\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09Guang Chen, Yingbo Peng, Gong Zheng et al\uff0cPolysynthetic twinned TiAl single crystals for high-temperature applications\uff0c20 June 2016. DOI: 10.1038\/NMAT4677<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cdTiAl\u5408\u91d1\u7684PST\u5355\u6676\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u56f0\u6270\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5ba4\u6e29\u5851\u6027\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u76847.6%\uff0c\u4e14\u628aTiAl\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6e29\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece750\u2103\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230900\u2103\u3002\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u9610\u8ff0\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u56fe1-a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u5408\u91d1\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u957f\u8f74\u54480\u00b0\u7684\u7247\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u03b3\u548c\u03b12\u76f8\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u9519\u3002\u56fe1-b\u4e2d\u5219\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u5408\u91d1\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u62c9\u4f38\u6d4b\u8bd5\u540e\u7247\u6761\u5185\u90e8\u5f62\u6210\u8d85\u7ec6\u7684\u5b6a\u6676\u548c\u7247\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56fe1-c\u5219\u4e3a\u53d8\u6027\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5b6a\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6709\u03b3<sub>a<\/sub>\/\u03b3<sub>b<\/sub>\uff0c\u03b3<sub>b<\/sub>\/\u03b3<sub>c<\/sub>\uff0c\u03b3<sub>c<\/sub>\/\u03b3<sub>d<\/sub>\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b6a\u6676\u5728\u03b3\u5185\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207202 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72475-8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"436\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72475-8.png 436w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72475-8-289x300.png 289w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe1 Ti\u201345Al\u20138Nb PST\u5355\u6676\u7684\u7247\u6761\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5ba4\u6e29\u62c9\u4f38\u53d8\u6027\u540e\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1ba. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u7684\u900f\u5c04\u660e\u573a\u50cf\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u03b12\/\u03b3\u7684\u7247\u6761\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1bb.\u5ba4\u6e29\u62c9\u4f38\u53d8\u6027\u540e\uff0c\u900f\u5c04\u660e\u573a\u50cf\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u8d85\u7ec6\u5b6a\u6676\u7247\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b6a\u6676\u9009\u533a\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u6591\u70b9\uff1bc. \u53d8\u5f62\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u03b3<sub>a<\/sub>\/\u03b3<sub>b<\/sub>\uff0c\u03b3<sub>b<\/sub>\/\u03b3<sub>c<\/sub>\uff0c\u03b3<sub>c<\/sub>\/\u03b3<sub>d<\/sub>\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u5b6a\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2\u663e\u793a\u4e86Ti\u201345Al\u20138Nb PST\u5355\u6676\u5728900\u2103\u53d8\u5f62\u540e\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7247\u6761\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4d\u9519\u3002\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207203 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72476-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"397\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72476-6.png 397w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72476-6-300x184.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe2 Ti\u201345Al\u20138Nb PST\u5355\u6676\u5728900\u2103\u53d8\u5f62\u540e\u7684\u900f\u5c04\u660e\u573a\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u548c\u4f4d\u9519\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u53d8\u5f62\u65f6\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09J. Hu, Y. N. Shi, X. Sauvage et al. Grain boundary stability governs hardening and softening in extremely fine nanograined metals. Science 355, 1292\u20131296 (2017)<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d1\u73b0\u7535\u6c89\u79ef\u7684Ni-Mo\u5408\u91d1\u5728\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4f4e\u4e8e10nm\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u8f6f\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6676\u754c\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f1b\u8c6b\u548cMo\u504f\u6790\u7a33\u5b9a\u5316\u6676\u754c\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u8bd5\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8d85\u9ad8\u786c\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u7531\u6269\u5c55\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d85\u7ec6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u786c\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u6676\u7c92\u6676\u754c(GB)\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u900f\u5c04\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u56fe1 \u4e3a\u900f\u5c04\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u7535\u6c89\u79efNi-Mo\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u56fe3-A\u548cB\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6676\u7c92\u975e\u5e38\u7ec6\u5c0f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u675f\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u5927\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u884d\u5c04\u4e3a\u591a\u6676\u884d\u5c04\uff0c\u9009\u533a\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u540c\u5fc3\u5706\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u591a\u6676\u7684\u884d\u5c04\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u56fe3-C\u5219\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u9ec4\u8272\u5706\u5708\u5708\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u6676\u7c92\uff0c\u8be5\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u4e3a\u7b49\u8f74\u6676\u4e14\u572810nm\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207204 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72477-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72477-5.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72477-5-300x221.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe3 \u954d\u94bc\u5408\u91d1\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\uff1bA.\u900f\u5c04\u660e\u573a\u50cf\uff0c\u63d2\u56fe\u4e3a\u9009\u53d6\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u591a\u6676\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u4e3a\u540c\u5fc3\u5706\uff1bB\u6697\u573a\u50cf\uff1bC.\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u9ec4\u8272\u5708\u4ee3\u8868\u5355\u4e2a\u6676\u7c92\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u900f\u5c04\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c89\u79ef\u6001\u5747\u5300\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83(\u5e73\u5747\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a4.9 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Mo\u6837\u54c1(500\u2103\u9000\u706b)\u7531\u5747\u5300\u7684\u3001\u53d6\u5411\u968f\u673a\u7684\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a9.5 nm\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\u7ec4\u6210(\u56fe4F)\u3002\u4e0e\u6c89\u79ef\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u9000\u706b\u540e\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6676\u7c92\u5b58\u5728\u5806\u79ef\u7f3a\u9677\u6216\u5b6a\u6676\u7b49\u6676\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u538b\u75d5\u540e\uff0c\u51f9\u75d5\u8868\u9762\u4e0b\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u7a0d\u5927\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a12 nm(\u56fe4E)\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6676\u7c92\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6761\u7eb9(\u56fe4G)\u3002HRTEM\u89c2\u6d4b\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u5fae\u5c0f\u6676\u7c92\u4e2d\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u52a0\u65ad\u5c42\u548c\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u5b58\u5728(\u56fe4H)\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u5c42\u9519\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6676\u7c92\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c42\u9519\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u95f4\u8ddd\u6781\u5c0f\uff0c\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u6676\u7c92\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u4f4d\u9519\u3002\u53d8\u5f62\u540e\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u673a\u68b0\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u7c97\u5316\u53d7\u5230\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9000\u706b\u540e\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u4e2dGBs\u5728\u5e94\u53d8\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207205 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72478-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72478-5.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72478-5-300x204.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe4 \u6c89\u79ef\u548c\u9000\u706b\u6001\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676Ni-Mo\u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\uff1bA.\u663e\u5fae\u786c\u5ea6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u540e\uff0c\u6c89\u79ef\u7684Ni 14.2% Mo\u6837\u54c1\u952f\u9f7f\u72b6\u8868\u9762\u4e0b(\u865a\u7ebf\u8868\u793a)\u7684\u5178\u578b\u660e\u573aTEM\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u4e0d\u540c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684(B\u81f3D)\u6697\u573a\u56fe\u50cf(\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a)\uff1bE. \u5728\u663e\u5fae\u786c\u5ea6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u6c89\u79ef\u548c\u9000\u706b\u7684Ni-14.2% Mo\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u4e9a\u8868\u5c42\u4e2d\u6676\u7c92\u9762\u79ef\u4e0e\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\uff0c(F\u548cG)\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5728\u663e\u5fae\u786c\u5ea6\u8bd5\u9a8c\u524d\u548c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u540e\u9000\u706bNi-14.2% Mo\u6837\u54c1(\u51f9\u75d5)\u8868\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0b&lt;200 nm\u5904\u62cd\u6444\u7684TEM\u660e\u573a\u50cf\uff1bH. (G)\u9897\u7c92\u7684HRTEM\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09B. B. He, B. Hu, H. W. Yen et al. High dislocation density\u2013induced large ductility in deformed and partitioned steels. Science,10.1126\/science.aan0177 (2017)<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u9053\u51b7\u8f67\u52a0\u56de\u706b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728D&amp;P\u94a2\u79cd\u5f15\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u94a2\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5851\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\u7ed3\u5408EBSD\u548c\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u4e86\u539f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4ece\u56fe5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u5408\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u975e\u5747\u5300\u5c42\u72b6\u53cc\u76f8\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e9a\u7a33\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u57fa\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u56de\u706b\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u57fa\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u5f62\u8c8c\u548c\u4e9a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5927\u578b\u900f\u955c\u72b6\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u662f\u57fa\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f4d\u9519\u7ec6\u80de\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u900f\u955c\u72b6\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u5185\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u4f4d\u9519\u548c\u5b6a\u6676(\u56fe5C)\u548c\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u57fa\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e26\u6709\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u6761\u72b6\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92(\u56fe5D)\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u76f8\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u7247\u5c42(\u56fe5A)\u3001\u8d85\u7ec6\u7684\u7247\u5c42(\u56fe5D)\u548c\u4e9a\u5fae\u7c73\u9897\u7c92(\u56fe5E)\u3002\u5927\u7684\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u4e0a\u88c5\u9970\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u548c\u5806\u79ef\u5c42\u9519(\u56fe5F)\uff0c\u800c\u5c0f\u7684\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4f4d\u9519(\u56fe5E)\u3002\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u548c\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u76f8\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7684\u9492\u78b3\u5316\u7269(\u56fe5,G\u548cH)\u548c\u56fa\u6eb6\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207206 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72479-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72479-3.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u72479-3-300x247.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe5 D&amp;P\u94a2\u5728\u62c9\u4f38\u8bd5\u9a8c\u524d\u7684\u663e\u5fae\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1b\uff08A\uff09.\u7535\u5b50\u80cc\u6563\u5c04\u884d\u5c04(EBSD)\u7684\u76f8\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u548cIPF\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u5d4c\u5728\u56de\u706b\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u57fa\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5c42\u72b6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u7ea6\u536015%\uff0c\u9a6c\u6c0f\u7ea6\u536085%\u3002RD\u4e3a\u8f67\u5236\u65b9\u5411\uff0cND\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5411\uff0cTD\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u3002(B)\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u57df\u884d\u5c04 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(K-S)\u5173\u7cfb\u3002(E)\u4e9a\u5fae\u7c73\u7c92\u72b6\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u3002\uff08F\uff09TEM\u4eae\u573a\u548c\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u56fe\u50cf\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u548c\u5c42\u9519\u3002(G)\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u5316\u9492\u5728\u56de\u706b\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u57fa\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002(H)\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u4e2d\u7eb3\u7c73\u78b3\u5316\u9492\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387TEM\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u62c9\u4f38\u540e\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u900f\u5c04\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u4f4d\u9519\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7Luders\u5e94\u53d8\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u4f4d\u9519\u80de\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u548c\u6ed1\u52a8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f4d\u9519\u80de\u539f\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u584c\u9677\u548c\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4f38\u957f\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56fe6A\u3002\u5927\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u8f74\u62c9\u4f38\u53d8\u5f62\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c97\u7684\u5c42\u72b6\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u4e0d\u5982\u8d85\u7ec6\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u7a33\u5b9a(\u56fe3C)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7c97\u5927\u7684\u5c42\u72b6\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u4ec5\u5728\u8d85\u8fc7Luders\u5e94\u53d8\u65f6\u624d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53(\u56fe3B)\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5176\u5728D&amp;P\u94a2\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u4f38\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cD&amp; P\u94a2\u4e5f\u6709\u5b6a\u6676\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5851\u6027(TWIP)\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u8d85\u7ec6\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u53d8\u5f62\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5f15\u8d77\u7684TWIP\u6548\u5e94(\u56fe3D)\u3002\u4ece\u76f8\u754c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u8868\u660e\u7247\u5c42\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u9ad8\u5e94\u529b\u6c34\u5e73(\u56fe3D)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207207 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724710-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724710-3.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724710-3-300x203.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe6 D&amp;P\u94a2\u5728\u62c9\u4f38\u8bd5\u9a8c\u540e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1b(A)\u56de\u706b\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u57fa\u4f53\u62c9\u4f38\u81f38%\u540e\u7684\u4f38\u957f\u4f4d\u9519\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u63d2\u56fe\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9009\u533a\u884d\u5c04\u56fe\u6837\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u4f4d\u9519\u80de\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002(B)\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u53d8\u4e0b\u7684XRD\u8c31\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf95.9%\u5e94\u53d8\u8bd5\u6837\u7684XRD\u6d4b\u91cf\u662fL\u00fcders\u5e26\u626b\u8fc7\u7684\u6807\u8ddd\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e0e(220)\u03b3\u5cf0\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c(211)\u03b1&#8217;\u5728\u8d85\u8fc75.9%\u65f6\u663e\u8457\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5927\u5e94\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\uff08C\uff09\u62c9\u4f38\u65ad\u88c2\u540e\uff0c\u7c97\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u900f\u955c\u72b6\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\uff1b(D)\u4e9a\u5fae\u7c73\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u6676\u7c92\u62c9\u4f38\u65ad\u88c2\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5f62\u5b6a\u6676\u3002\u53f3\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u53cc\u7247\u5c42\u5965\u6c0f\u4f53\u548c\u677f\u6761\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4K-S\u5173\u7cfb\u7684SADP\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff09Lei Lu, Yongfeng Shen, Xianhua Chen et al.Ultrahigh Strength and High Electrical Conductivity in Copper, 16 APRIL 2004 VOL 304 SCIENCE<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676Cu\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u542b\u6709\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u3002\u56fe7\u4e3a\u5229\u7528\u7535\u6c89\u79ef\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7531\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u53d6\u5411\u968f\u673a\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c \u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4f4d\u4e8e100nm-1\u03bcm\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6676\u5185\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5b6a\u6676\uff0c\u6cbf[110]\u65b9\u5411\u7684<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u539a\u5ea6<\/span><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u6d4b\u91cf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4ece\u51e0\u4e2anm\u5230\u5927\u7ea6150nm\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u5e73\u5747\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7ea6\u4e3a15nm\uff0c\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5728100-1\u03bcm\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684TEM\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387TEM\u56fe\u50cf\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570TBs\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5171\u683c\u6027\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207208 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724711-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724711-2.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724711-2-300x140.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe7 \u7535\u6c89\u79efCu\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u7684TEM\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1b(A)\u660e\u573a\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u56fe(\u63d2\u56fe)\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5176\u7531\u5927\u81f4\u7b49\u8f74\u7684\u4e9a\u5fae\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u53d6\u5411\u662f\u968f\u673a\uff0c\u7531\u9ad8\u89d2\u5ea6GBs\u5206\u79bb\uff1b\uff08B\uff09\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\uff1b\uff08C\uff09\u5b6a\u6676\u7247\u6761\u539a\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\uff1b(D)\u00a0\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04\u56fe[\u63d2\u56fe(D)]\u8868\u660e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6676\u7c92\u4e2d\u7684\u5b6a\u6676\u5728{111}\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e73\u884c;(E)\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5b6a\u6676\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3aATATA\u2026\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe8\u4f4d\u6837\u54c1\u62c9\u4f38\u540e\u7684TEM\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u53d8\u6027\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u89c2\u5bdf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f4d\u9519\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b6a\u6676\u754c\uff08TBs\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u8ddd\u4ece\u51e0nm\u5230\u51e0\u5341nm\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5b6a\u6676\u5c42\u5185\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\u4f4d\u9519\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5206\u79bb\u539a\u5c42\u7684TBs\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u79bb\u8584\u5c42\u7684TBs\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u4f4d\u9519\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6e90\u4e8e\u5c42\u539a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6e90\u4e8e\u6676\u7c92\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u900f\u5c04\u56fe\u50cf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b6a\u6676\u754c\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u4e3aFrank\u4f4d\u95191\/3[111]\u548cShockley 1\/6[1-21]\u4f4d\u9519,\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4f4d\u9519\u53cd\u5e941\/2[101]\u00a0\u21921\/6[1-21]+\u00a01\/3[111].<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207209 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724712-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724712-2.png 511w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724712-2-300x194.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe8\uff08A\uff09\u62c9\u4f38\u8bd5\u9a8c\u540e\u5e26\u6709\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u53d7\u62c9\u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u5178\u578b\u660e\u573aTEM\u56fe\u50cf\uff1b\uff08B\uff09\u5bf9TBs\u5927\u91cf\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1b\uff08C\uff09\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5\uff09Suihe Jiang, Hui Wang, Yuan Wu et al. Ultrastrong steel via minimal lattice misfit and high-density nanoprecipitation. doi:10.1038\/nature22032<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6790\u51fa\u76f8(B2-NiAl)\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u76f8\u4f4e\u9519\u914d\u5ea6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5317\u79d1\u5927\u5415\u662d\u5e73\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u5f97\u6297\u62c9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e2.2GPa\uff0c\u62c9\u4f38\u5851\u6027\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e8%\u00a0\u7684\u9ad8\u5f3a\u9ad8\u5851\u6027\u94a2\u3002\u5982\u56fe9\u4e3a\u5408\u6210\u7684Ni(Al,Fe)\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u94a2\u7684TEM\u56fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa,\u56fa\u6eb6\u6001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684 bcc \u7ed3\u6784, \u57fa\u4f53\u7531\u677f\u6761\u72b6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u6210, \u677f\u6761\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u7ec7, \u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53. \u65f6\u6548\u540e\u7684 TEM\u50cf\u53ca\u4e09\u7ef4\u539f\u5b50\u63a2\u9488\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cd\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5728\u57fa\u4f53\u4e0a\u6790\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u5f25\u6563\u7684\u8fd1\u7403\u72b6\u6790\u51fa\u7269, \u5176\u4f53\u79ef\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc71024 m<sup>-3<\/sup>, \u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u76f4\u5f84\u7ea6 3 nm\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6790\u51fa\u5f3a\u5316\u6750\u6599\u76f8\u6bd4, Ni(Fe, Al)\u9a6c\u6c0f\u4f53\u65f6\u6548\u94a2\u6790\u51fa\u76f8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5c0f, \u800c\u4e14\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8, \u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u90fd\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981. \u6b64\u5916, \u9009\u533a\u7535\u5b50\u884d\u5c04(SAED)\u82b1\u6837\u8868\u660e, \u6790\u51fa\u76f8\u5177\u6709B2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-207210 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724713-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724713-2.png 600w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/\u56fe\u724713-2-300x127.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe9 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