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1. \u9996\u5148\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5362\u67ef\u9662\u58eb\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u6210\u679c\u53d1\u8868\u7684science\u8bba\u6587<\/p>\n

1.1 \u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\uff082\u7bc7\uff09<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09Fang, T., Tao, N. & Lu, K. Revealing extraordinary intrinsic tensile plasticity in gradient nano-grained copper. Science 331, 1587\u20131590 (2011).<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u51cf\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5f3a\u5ea6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u5851\u6027\u3002\u7eb3\u7c73\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u5851\u6027\u4f4e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u52a0\u5de5\u786c\u5316\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e94\u53d8\u5c40\u57df\u5316\u548c\u5c48\u670d\u540e\u9888\u7f29\u7684\u7acb\u523b\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u9762\u5851\u6027\u6280\u672f\u6469\u64e6\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7535\u955c\u8868\u5f81\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927\u3002\u800c\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5c48\u670d\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5927\u7ea6\u662f\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u768410\u500d\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5851\u6027\u9ad8\u8fbe32%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4e0e\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u5851\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u94dc\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u94dc\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5851\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6676\u7c92\u751f\u957f\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6676\u754c\u8fc1\u79fb\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u53c8\u53d8\u6210\u4f20\u7edf\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u6ed1\u79fb\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4e00\u7ecf\u53d1\u8868\u5c31\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u70ed\u8bae\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u5de5\u827a\u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8ddf\u98ce\u505a\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd2015\u5e74\u6750\u6599\u5b66\u4f1a\u79cb\u5b63\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u7814\u8ba8\u201c\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u201d\u7684\u5206\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1 \u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73Cu\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5176\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002A \u62c9\u4f38\u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1bB\u548cC\u62c9\u4f38\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6697\u84dd\u8272\u4e3a\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c42\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\u4e3a\u7c97\u6676\u53d8\u5f62\u5c42\uff0c\u9752\u84dd\u8272\u4e3a\u7c97\u6676\u57fa\u4f53\u5c42\uff1bD\u4e3a\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u7684SEM\u7167\u7247\uff1bE\u4e3a\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u7684\u900f\u5c04\u660e\u573a\u50cf\uff1bF\u8868\u5c425-mm\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e2dTEM\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u7c92\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\uff1bG\u5e73\u5747\u6676\u7c92\u5927\u5c0f\u968f\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u4e3a\u7c89\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\uff09\uff1bA\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u548c\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u94dc\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u62c9\u4f38\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e94\u529b-\u5e94\u53d8\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1bB\uff1a\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u548c\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u94dc\u62c9\u4f38\u524d\u540e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u8868\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf[1]<\/sup>\uff1b<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09K. Lu. Making strong nanomaterialsductile with gradients,Science, 345, 1455-1456(2014).<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6587\u662f\u5362\u67ef\u9662\u58eb\u53d7Science\u671f\u520a\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6027\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u7bc7\u5e45\u77ed\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u7406\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u6676\u7c92\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7c97\u9897\u7c92\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u9010\u6e10\u5411\u5c0f\u6676\u7c92\u6269\u6563\u3002\u6709\u5e8f\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u76f8\u90bb\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6676\u7c92\u95f4\u7684\u6676\u95f4\u5e94\u529b\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u5e94\u53d8\u5c40\u90e8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8f7d\u8377\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u53d8\u53bb\u5c40\u90e8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7ec6\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c42\u3002\u6709\u6548\u6291\u5236\u5e94\u53d8\u5c40\u90e8\u5316\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u9888\u7f29\uff0c\u4f7f\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u8868\u5c42\u4e0e\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u65f6\u62c9\u957f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u786c\u5316\u548c\u8f6f\u5316\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u968f\u7740\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u53d8\u5c0f\u9010\u6e10\u7531\u4f4d\u9519\u6ed1\u79fb\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6676\u754c\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u4e9a\u5fae\u533a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u786c\u5316\u6216\u8f6f\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5e94\u53d8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9971\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u68af\u5ea6\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5747\u5300\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u548c\u7c97\u6676\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u3002\u68af\u5ea6\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u75b2\u52b3\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2 \u91d1\u5c5e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u4ee5\u7c97\u6676\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u6216\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u91d1\u5c5e\u5747\u5300\u7ec6\u5316(NG)\u7684\u5851\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u9999\u8549\u5f62\u201d\u66f2\u7ebf(\u84dd\u7ebf)\u3002\u7c97\u6676\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676(CG+NG)\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6df7\u5408\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6-\u5851\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6-\u5851\u6027\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68af\u5ea6\u7eb3\u7c73 (GNG)\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0 (\u7ea2\u7ebf)[2]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 \u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\uff083\u7bc7\uff09<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u00a0Lu, L., Shen, Y. F., Chen, X. H., Qian, L. H. & Lu, K. Ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity in copper.\u00a0Science<\/i><\/em>\u00a0304<\/b><\/strong>, 422\u2013426 (2004)<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u5851\u6027\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u517c\u5f97\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u63a3\u8098\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6676\u754c\uff0c\u4f4d\u9519\u6216\u7a7a\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u88ab\u7f3a\u9677\u6355\u83b7\u6216\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u53d8\u5dee\u3002\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u6c88\u9633\u91d1\u5c5e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5362\u67ef\uff0c\u5362\u78ca\u5144\u59b9\u5229\u7528\u8109\u51b2\u7535\u6c89\u79ef\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676Cu\u6750\u6599\uff0c TEM\u8868\u5f81\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6676\u7c92\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5b6a\u6676\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u5b6a\u6676\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a{111}[112]\u3002\u62c9\u4f38\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676Cu\u7684\u5c48\u670d\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e900MPa\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u62c9\u4f38\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e1068MPa\uff0c\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u9ad8\u4e8e13%\u3002\u5bf9\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u8868\u660e\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676Cu\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0e\u9000\u706bCu\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u56fe3\u3002\u5b6a\u6676\u754c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6676\u754c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u963b\u788d\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6676\u754c\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b6a\u6676\u754c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u6536\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5851\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4f4d\u9519\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5b6a\u6676\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c1\/2[101]\u00a0\u21921\/6[1-21]+1\/3[111],\u4f4d\u9519\u4e0e\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u5851\u6027\u3002\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b6a\u6676\u754c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6676\u754c\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5206\u6563\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 \u00a0A.\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676Cu\u4e0e\u7c97\u6676Cu\u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u5e94\u529b-\u5e94\u53d8\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1bB.\u57282\u81f3296 K\u6e29\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676Cu\u548c\u7c97\u6676Cu\u7535\u963b\u7387\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316[3]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09L. Lu, X. Chen, X. Huang, K. Lu. Revealing the Maximum Strength in Nanotwinned Copper\uff0cSCIENCE VOL 323 30 JANUARY 2009<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6676\u754c\u5bf9\u4f4d\u9519\u7684\u963b\u788d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u6676\u683c\u4f4d\u9519\u6d3b\u52a8\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u4e0e\u6676\u754c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8f6f\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7eaf\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f83\u9ad8\u6676\u754c\u80fd\u9a71\u52a8\u6676\u7c92\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5171\u683c\u5b6a\u6676\u754c\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u6750\u6599\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e0e\u6676\u754c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u66f4\u80dc\u4e00\u7b79\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0a\u6bd4\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u66f4\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6750\u6599\u8f6f\u5316\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u7ae0\u901a\u8fc7\u8109\u51b2\u7535\u6c89\u79ef\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u9ad8\u7eaf\u94dc\uff0c\u6676\u7c92\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a400-600nm\uff0c\u5b6a\u6676\u539a\u5ea6\u4e3a\u51e0\u7eb3\u7c73\u523096nm\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u539a\u5ea6\u4e3a15nm\u65f6\uff0c\u5851\u6027\u57fa\u672c\u548c\u7c97\u6676\u94dc\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5f53\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5c0f\u4e8e15nm\u65f6\uff0c\u5408\u91d1\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8f6f\u5316\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e15nm\u65f6\uff0c\u5851\u6027\u5148\u51cf\u5c0f\u540e\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4\u3002\u5bf9\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b6a\u6676\u539a\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8096\u79d1\u5229\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f4d\u9519\u4e0e\u6676\u754c\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u6cbf\u7740TBs\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u9519\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u6e90,\u5f71\u54cd\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4d\u9519-TB\u4ea4\u4e92\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f4d\u9519,\u5bfc\u81f4\u52a0\u5de5\u786c\u5316\u3002\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u9519\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6613\u79fb\u52a8\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5851\u6027\u5c48\u670d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539a\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e15 nm\u7684\u8bd5\u6837\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5851\u6027\u5e94\u53d8\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b6a\u6676\u539a\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u7406\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eTBs\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u548c\u6676\u754c\u4e00\u8d77\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5851\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f4d\u9519\u6ed1\u79fb\u7a7f\u8fc7TBs\u3002\u5bf9\u62c9\u4f38\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c42\u9519\u548cTBs\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5165\u5171\u683cTBs\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5728TBs\u5904\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed3\u5408\u6216\u6536\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4f4d\u9519\u6784\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e09\u4e2a\u8096\u514b\u5229\u4e0d\u5168\u4f4d\u9519\u6ed1\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u5b6a\u6676\u539a\u5ea6\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4f4d\u9519-TBs\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4f4d\u9519\u5b58\u50a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\u786c\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u94dc\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u673a\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7c97\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u4f4d\u9519-\u4f4d\u9519\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u786c\u5316\u548c\u7ec6\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u4f4d\u9519-\u4f4d\u9519\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u786c\u5316\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b6a\u6676\u539a\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5e94\u53d8\u786c\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 \u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u94dc\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u968f\u5b6a\u6676\u539a\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09K. Lu, L. Lu, S. Suresh. Strengthening Materials by Engineering Coherent Internal Boundaries at the Nanoscale. SCIENCE VOL 324 17 APRIL 2009<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 TBs\u4e0eGBs\u5bf9\u7eaf\u94dc\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u7ed3\u6784\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a\u03bb\u548cd[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n

2. \u4e24\u5927\u6210\u679c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/b><\/strong>\uff1a<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] Fang, T., Tao, N. & Lu, K. Revealing extraordinary intrinsic tensile plasticity in gradient nano-grained copper. Science 331, 1587\u20131590 (2011).<\/p>\n

[2]\u00a0K. Lu. Making strong nanomaterialsductile with gradients,Science, 345, 1455-1456(2014).<\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0Lu, L., Shen, Y. F., Chen, X. H., Qian, L. H. & Lu, K. Ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity in copper.\u00a0Science\u00a0304, 422\u2013426 (2004).<\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0L. Lu, X. Chen, X. Huang, K. Lu. Revealing the Maximum Strength in Nanotwinned Copper\uff0cSCIENCE VOL 323 30 JANUARY 2009.<\/p>\n

[5] K. Lu, L. Lu, S. Suresh. Strengthening Materials by Engineering Coherent Internal Boundaries at the Nanoscale. SCIENCE VOL 324 17 APRIL 2009<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u865a\u8c37\u7eb3\u7269\u4f9b\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005\u72ec\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f51\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672a\u7ecf\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff0c\u6388\u6743\u4e8b\u5b9c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfbkefu@cailiaoren.com\u3002<\/p>\n

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