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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1. \u4ece\u6750\u6599\u5c42\u5230\u7535\u6c60\u5355\u5143\u518d\u5230\u7535\u6c60\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u4ef7\u503c\u94fe\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u975e\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5b9e\u9645\u6bd4\u80fd\u91cf\u3002[J. Solid State Electrochem. 2017, 21, 1939\u22121964.]<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u7531\u4e2a\u6bcf\u914d\u65b9\u91cd\u91cf\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u7535\u6c60\u5f00\u8def\u7535\u538b(VOC<\/sub>)\u662f\u8d1f\u7535\u6781(\u03bcN<\/sub>)\u548c\u6b63\u7535\u6781(\u03bcP<\/sub>)\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u52bf\u4e4b\u5dee\uff0c\u5176\u5e94\u8be5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7a97\u53e3(ESW)\u5185\u3002\uff08\u56fe2\uff09\u5c3d\u7ba1ESW\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u672a\u5360\u636e\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053(LUMO)\u548c\u6700\u9ad8\u5360\u636e\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053(HOMO)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u79bb\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9884\u6d4b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u949d\u5316\u819c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u964d\u89e3\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2. \u7535\u6c60\u5355\u5143\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u9694\u819c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9525\u5f62\u94f8\u9020\u590d\u5408\u7535\u6781\u94f8\u9020\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u96c6\u6d41\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u6d41\u4f53\u7531\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u3001\u70ad\u9ed1\u548c\u7c98\u5408\u5242\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u70ad\u9ed1\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u5bfc\u6027\uff0c\u7c98\u5408\u5242\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u7c98\u9644\u6027\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u52a0\u5de5\u6027\u3002\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7a97\u53e3(ESW)\u548c\u843d\u5728\u8be5\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u7684\u8d1f\u6781\u548c\u6b63\u6781\u6750\u6599(\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u03bcN<\/sub>\u548c\u03bcP<\/sub>)\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u52bf\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u3002[J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 1167\u22121176.]<\/p>\n

\u7535\u6c60\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5145\u7535\/\u653e\u7535\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u5c06\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u7684\u964d\u89e3\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u5c0f\u7684\u4f4e\u6548\u548c\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u9884\u8ba1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5206\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94(\u5982\u5408\u91d1\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\u7b49)\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\/\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u94c5\u9178\u84c4\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u786b\u9178\u94c5\u6216\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94c5\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u548c\u518d\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u954d\u57fa\u78b1\u6027\u53ef\u518d\u5145\u7535\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u6781\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u6781\u548c\u8d1f\u6781\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u56fa\u6001\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u6d89\u53ca\u79bb\u5b50(\u5206\u522b\u4e3aH+<\/sup>\u548cLi+<\/sup>)\u4ece\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u53bb\u63d2\u5165\/\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u8be5\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u63d2\u5165\/\u63d2\u5165\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa(i)\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f4d\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6846\u67b6(1D\u30012D\u62163D)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca(ii)\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u53ef\u9006\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\/\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5e26\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7531\u4efb\u4f55\u4e24\u79cd\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u6570\u4e0d\u80dc\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u53ef\u518d\u5145\u7535\u7684\u6c34\u7cfb\u7535\u89e3\u8d28(\u94c5\/\u9178\u548c\u78b1\u6027\u954d\/\u9549\u6216\u954d\/\u6c22)\u548c\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u5728\u5c3a\u5bf8\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5360\u636e\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6280\u672f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u56e0\u6570\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u52a0\u5de5\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6210\u672c\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u73af\u5883\u8db3\u8ff9\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u53ef\u5145\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6548\u7387\/\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65b0\u7535\u6c60\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5bfb\u6c42\u7279\u5b9a\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4ece\u7535\u6781\u548c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6750\u6599\u8bbe\u8ba1(\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u5177)\u5230\u5408\u6210\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u3001\u7535\u6781\u5236\u9020\u548c\u7535\u6c60\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u539f\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u529f\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5e94\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6750\u6599\u5f00\u53d1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65e9\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5c40(DARPA)\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u683c\u8a00 \u201c\u6280\u672f\u603b\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u53ef\u7528\u6750\u6599\u7684\u9650\u5236\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u90fd\u662f\u5206\u89e3\u5177\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6311\u6218\u662f\u6210\u529f\u5f00\u53d1\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4f5c\u6240\u9009\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684ESW\u5185\u7684\u6b63\u7535\u6781\u548c\u8d1f\u7535\u6781\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0c\u8be5\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5728\u7535\u6c60\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\/\u8fd8\u539f\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6750\u6599\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7535\u6c60\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u5927\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u7535\u6781\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u56fe3\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u73b0\u6709\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u3002\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u52bf\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8d39\u7c73\u80fd\u7ea7\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u952e\u5408\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5178\u578b\u5730\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7535\u52bf\u5c06\u843d\u5728\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684ESW\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u5931\u3002\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u65b9\u5355\u5143\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u548c\u603b\u914d\u65b9\u91cd\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u5916\uff0c\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u79bb\u5b50\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3. \u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u8003\u8651\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002[Nature 2001, 414, 359\u2212367.]<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u7406\u8bba\u5bb9\u91cf\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u6216\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5374\u5f88\u96be(\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd)\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7b5b\u9009\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u4f7f\u7ed3\u679c\u5408\u7406\u5316\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u8865\u5145\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u79cd\u5df2\u77e5\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u7535\u4f4d\u548c\u76f8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027(\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\u8d28)\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u201c\u865a\u62df\u201d\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u5408\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u201c\u865a\u62df\u201d\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u5408\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u5b50\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u7ed9\u5bbf\u4e3b\u9aa8\u67b6\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u672a\u5360\u636e\u80fd\u7ea7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u53cd\u952ed\u6001\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u52bf\u7531\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8d39\u7c73\u80fd\u7ea7\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u952e\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u79bb\u5b50\u5171\u4ef7\u7279\u6027(\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u611f\u5e94\u6548\u5e94\u201d)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\u4f18\u5316\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e14\u65e0\u6bd2\u7684\u5143\u7d20(\u56fe4)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u94c1\u3001\u949b\u548c\u9530\u56e0\u5176\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f18\u9009\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u94bc\u548c\u94cc\u56e0\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe4. \u65b0\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u201c\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8c03\u8272\u677f\u201d\u3002\u6df1\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u9996\u9009\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u3001\u7a00\u7f3a\u3001\u6bd2\u6027\u6216\u653e\u5c04\u6027\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u3001\u9ec4\u8272\u3001\u7d2b\u8272\u6216\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5185\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d45\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u3002[Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 1226\u2212 1238.]<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7535\u6c60\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5:\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5ba2\u4f53(\u7535\u8377\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50)\u79bb\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u673a\u5236\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u91cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u6b63\u6781\u548c\u8d1f\u6781\u5904\u5d4c\u5165\/\u8131\u51fa\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u5b50\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u76d0\u6d53\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u5bff\u547d\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc725\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57fa\u4e8e\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u94be\u79bb\u5b50\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u4e8c\u4ef7\u7535\u8377\u8f7d\u4f53\u79bb\u5b50(\u5982Zn2+<\/sup>\u3001Mg2+<\/sup>\u3001Ca2+<\/sup>)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e(I)\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u56fa\u6001\u548c\u6709\u673a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u4ee5\u53ca(ii)\u4e0e\u6c34\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2dH+<\/sup>\u5d4c\u5165\u7ade\u4e89\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u53d1\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u8f6c\u5411\u65e0\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ecs\u548cp\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u57fa\u4e8e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u6216\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u3002\u524d\u8005(n\u578b)\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u63d0\u53d6\/\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u540e\u8005(p\u578b)\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u91ca\u653e\/\u5438\u6536\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5438\u6536\/\u91ca\u653e\u5e73\u8861(\u56fe5)\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u5dee(\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5411\u7535\u6781\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u70ad\u9ed1)\u548c\u6750\u6599\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u65f6\u5728\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e14\u5bb9\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u7387\u4f4e\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fa\u4f53\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88681. \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u6d3b\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u673a\u7406\u3002[Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 6490.]<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6750\u6599\u8868\u5f81<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u63a8\u51fa\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e5f\u7edd\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bd5\u70b9\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u6602\u8d35\u3002\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u5e26\u6765\u597d\u5904\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe5. \u4ece\u6784\u601d\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7535\u6c60R&D\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u6750\u6599\u6570\u91cf\u3002[Brodd, R. Factors affffecting US production decisions: why are there no volume lithium-ion battery manufacturers in the United States; ATP Working Paper Series, Working paper 05-01; 2005.]<\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] Tobias Placke,\u00a0Richard Kloepsch,\u00a0Simon D\u00fchnen\u00a0&Martin Winter. Lithium ion,\u00a0lithium metal, and alternative rechargeable battery technologies: the odyssey for high energy density.\u00a0J. Solid State Electrochem. 2017, 21, 1939\u22121964.<\/p>\n

[2] John B. Goodenough\u00a0&Kyu-Sung Park. The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective.\u00a0J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 1167\u22121176.<\/p>\n

[3] J.-M. Tarascon\u00a0&\u00a0M. Armand. Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries.\u00a0Nature 2001, 414, 359\u2212367.<\/p>\n

[4] Brent C\u00a0Melot\u00a0& J-M Tarascon. Design and preparation of materials for advanced electrochemical storage.\u00a0Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 1226\u2212 1238.<\/p>\n

[5] Mi Tang,\u00a0Yanchao Wu,\u00a0Yuan Chen,et al. An organic cathode with high [6] capacities for fast-charge potassium-ion batteries.\u00a0Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 6490.<\/p>\n

[7] Brodd, R. Factors affffecting US production decisions: why are there no volume lithium-ion battery manufacturers in the United States; ATP Working Paper Series, Working paper 05-01; 2005.<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c0f\u767d\u64b0\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005\u72ec\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f51\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

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