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\u3010\u5bfc\u8bfb\u3011<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u3010\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4f4e\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u63a7\u5236\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u8003\u8651\u5229\u7528\u65f6\u7a7a\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u6750\u6599\u8c03\u63a7\u3002\u56fe\u7075<\/strong>\u56fe\u6848\uff08\u56fe\u7075\u6591\u56fe\uff09<\/strong>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u65f6\u7a7a\u9759\u6b62\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982Dania rero\u6761\u7eb9\u3001\u8d1d\u58f3\u4e0a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f69\u8272\u82b1\u6837\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u4e73\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u9635\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u6848\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u9ea6\u5e2d\u68ee\u00b7\u56fe\u7075<\/strong>\uff08A.M. Turing\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u5e94-\u6269\u6563\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u5173<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u6570\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684<\/strong>\u6fc0\u6d3b\u56e0\u5b50<\/strong>\u4f1a\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5c40\u90e8\u4f18\u5148\u751f\u957f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u56fe\u7075\u56fe\u6848<\/strong>\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u56fe\u6848\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5f62\u72b6\u662f\u516d\u89d2\u5f62\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u3001\u6591\u70b9\u6837\u548c\u8ff7\u5bab\u56fe\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u7075\u56fe\u6848\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u5747\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u56fe\u7075\u56fe\u6848\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u751f\u957f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u6676\u683c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6784\u578b\uff08\u5982\u5b6a\u6676\u548c\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7834\u7f3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\uff09\u7684\u751f\u957f\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u53d7\u6676\u4f53\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f<\/strong>\u5b66\uff08<\/strong>morphogenesis<\/strong>\uff09<\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5177\u6709\u5e94\u53d8\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u4f4e\u7ef4\u6750\u6599<\/strong>\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u56fe\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u76f8\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u76f8\u8fb9\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u754c\u9762\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u56fe\u7075\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u751f\u957f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u6676\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6c14\u76f8\u6c89\u79ef\u6280\u672f\u5236\u5907\u5f97\u5230\u94c2\u954d\u94cc\uff08PtNiNb\uff09\u8d85\u8584\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u8d85\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08< 10 nm\uff09\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6790\u6c22\u53cd\u5e94\uff08HER\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u6761\u7eb9\u662f\u7531\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u7c92\u76f8\u4e92\u7ea6\u675f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u7c98\u9644\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u5b6a\u6676\u548c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6676\u683c\u5e94\u53d8\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fe\u7075PtNiNb\u7eb3\u7c73\u7247\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u6790\u6c22\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u957f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u6bd4\u5546\u7528Pt\/C\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba\uff08DFT\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5b6a\u6676\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u5e94\u53d8\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u89e3\u79bb\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6c22\u5438\u9644\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4ee5\u9898\u4e3a\u201cTuring structuring with multiple nanotwins to engineer efficient and stable catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u9876\u5c16\u671f\u520a\u300aNature\u00a0Communications\u300b\u4e0a\u3002\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u5415\u575a\u9662\u58eb\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u57ce\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u8c37\u4f73\u4f26\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u674e\u5170\u897f\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u4e3a\u8bba\u6587\u5171\u540c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u9648\u535a\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7530\u592b\u6ce2\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8c22\u53cb\u80fd\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u738b\u8273\u83ca\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u949f\u666f\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u6c88\u541b\u8fbe\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3010\u56fe\u6587\u89e3\u8bfb\u3011<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u56fe1. \u56fe\u7075PtNiNb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5f62\u8c8c\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u00a0a<\/b><\/strong>\u81ea\u652f\u6491\u56fe\u7075 PtNiNb \u7684\u4f4e\u500d TEM \u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\u662f\u56fe\u7075 b c<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387 TEM \u548c HAADF-STEM \u56fe\u50cfd <\/b><\/strong>\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6761\u7eb9\u7684 TEM \u56fe\u50cf\u3002e<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u6765\u81ea (c<\/b><\/strong>) \u7684 SAED \u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u9762\u5fc3\u7acb\u65b9\u7ed3\u6784\u7d22\u5f15\u3002 f<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u56fe\u7075\u6761\u7eb9\u7684 STEM-EDS \u7ebf\u6027\u626b\u63cf\u5206\u6790\u3002g<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u5178\u578b\u56fe\u7075\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u56fe2. \u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f3a\u9677\u548c\u6676\u683c\u5e94\u53d8\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6761\u7eb9\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002a<\/b><\/strong>\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u8fa8\u7387 HAADF-STEM \u56fe\u50cf\u3002b<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u56fe\u7075\u6761\u7eb9\u5206\u53c9\u5904\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u3002c<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(b<\/b><\/strong>) \u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e94\u91cd\u5b6a\u6676\u4e2d\u5b6a\u6676\u8fb9\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002 d<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0fcc\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d(1(_)1(_)1)\u548c(11(_)1)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002 e<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(b<\/b><\/strong>) \u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e94\u91cd\u5b6a\u6676\u4e2d\u5b50\u5355\u5143\u6cbf {111} \u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u00a0f<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(b<\/b><\/strong>) \u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e94\u91cd\u5b6a\u6676\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u6807\u8bb0\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u3002 g<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u5305\u542b\u5b6a\u6676\u548c\u5c42\u9519\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6761\u7eb9\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u6676\u7c92\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\u56fe\u3002 h<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u56fe\u7075\u6761\u7eb9\u7531\u6cbf\u76f8\u4f3c\u8f74\u5411\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u7aef\u5bf9\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6676\u7c92\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u3001\u626d\u8f6c\u3001\u5b6a\u751f\u548c\u6676\u683c\u7578\u53d8\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u3002 i<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u5236\u5907\u7684\u56fe\u7075PtNiNb\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u56fe3. \u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u00a0Pt L3 \u8fb9\u7f18 (a)\u3001Ni K \u8fb9\u7f18 (b) \u548c Nb K \u8fb9\u7f18 (c) \u5904\u6536\u96c6\u7684 XANES \u5149\u8c31\u3002 Pt L3 \u8fb9\u7f18 (d)\u3001Ni K \u8fb9\u7f18 (e) \u548c Nb K \u8fb9\u7f18 (f) \u5904\u7684\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u53d8\u6362 EXAFS \u5149\u8c31\u3002 Pt \u7b94 (g)\u3001PtNi 2D \u91d1\u5c5e (h) \u548c\u56fe\u7075 PtNiNb (i) \u7684 Pt L3 \u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5c0f\u6ce2\u53d8\u6362\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u56fe4. \u56fe\u7075PtNiNb\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002 a<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u6837\u54c1\u5728 1.0 M KOH \u4e2d\u7684 LSV \u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u00a0b<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u6bd4\u8f83 (a<\/b><\/strong>) \u4e2d\u6837\u54c1\u5728 10 mA cm-2<\/sup>\u00a0\u4e0b\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u548c 100 mV \u4e0b\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6d3b\u5ea6\u3002c<\/b><\/strong>\u56fe\u7075 PtNiNb \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6700\u8fd1\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u78b1\u6027 HER \u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684TOF\u3002 d<\/b><\/strong>\u5927\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002e<\/b><\/strong>\u52a0\u901f\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u671f\u95f4\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002f <\/b><\/strong>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u8d28\u91cf\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u6c22\u7535\u8377\u548c 10 mA cm-2<\/sup>\u00a0\u4e0b\u7684\u8fc7\u7535\u52bf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u62a5\u9053\u7684 HER \u7535\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002g<\/b><\/strong>\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u819c\u6c34\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u4e2d\u7684\u6781\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002h<\/b><\/strong>\u5728 1000 mA cm-2<\/sup>\u00a0\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u7535\u4f4d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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