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<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u4ecb\u7535<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u5e38\u6570<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u5728\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5316\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u6781\u5316\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u611f\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u7535\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u6781\u5316\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u7406\u662f\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u9759\u6001\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u5728\u9759\u7535\u573a\u4e2d\u6781\u5316\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u516d\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u4ecb\u4e8e1-6\u4e2a\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u53d8\u7535\u573a\u4e0b\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u79f0\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf\u9891\u7387\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6781\u5316\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u79fb\u6781\u5316\uff1a\u7ec4\u6210\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u5373\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e0e\u5176\u58f3\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8d1f\u7535\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u611f\u5e94\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u79fb\u6781\u5316\u7387\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u79bb\u5b50\u4f4d\u79fb\u6781\u5316\uff1a\u7ec4\u6210\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u79fb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u611f\u5e94\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u3002\u79bb\u5b50\u4f4d\u79fb\u6781\u5316\u7387\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u79fb\u6781\u5316\u7387\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u53d6\u5411\u6781\u5316\uff1a\u7ec4\u6210\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e3a\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u5373\u5206\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u6709\u5076\u6781\u77e9\uff09\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fa\u6709\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u662f\u65e0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u4e4b\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u5916\u7535\u573a\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fa\u6709\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u5c06\u8f6c\u5411\u5e76\u6cbf\u7535\u573a\u65b9\u5411\u6392\u5217\u3002\u56e0\u56fa\u6709\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u8f6c\u5411\u800c\u5728\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u3002\u53d6\u5411\u6781\u5316\u5bf9\u4ecb\u8d28\u6781\u5316\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u5c45\u91cc\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-63013 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72473-4.png\" width=\"632\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72473-4.png 632w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72473-4-300x74.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe3\u00a0\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u79fb\u6781\u5316\u3001\u79bb\u5b50\u4f4d\u79fb\u6781\u5316\u548c\u53d6\u5411\u6781\u5316\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6c14\u4f53\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6781\u5316\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\u3002\u5728\u975e\u6676\u56fa\u4f53\u3001\u805a\u5408\u7269\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5176\u5b83\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6781\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u70ed\u79bb\u5b50\u5f1b\u8c6b\u6781\u5316\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7535\u8377\u6781\u5316\u7b49\u5178\u578b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u70ed\u79bb\u5b50\u5f1b\u8c6b\u6781\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u542b\u6709Na<sup>+<\/sup>\u3001K<sup>+<\/sup>\u3001Li<sup>+<\/sup>\u7b49\u4e00\u4ef7\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u4f53\u73bb\u7483\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7535\u8377\u6781\u5316\u662f\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\uff08\u590d\u5408\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\uff09\u5728\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u6781\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>3.2<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u538b\u7535<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u5e38\u6570<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u538b\u7535\u6676\u4f53\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u538b\u7535\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u6027\u4e0e\u5f39\u6027\u6027\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u8026\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u79cd\u8026\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6b63\u3001\u9006\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0e\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u548c\u5f39\u6027\u5e38\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570d<sub>33<\/sub>\u662f\u8868\u5f81\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u9676\u74f7\u7684\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u4e0b\u6807\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7535\u573a\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u529b\u6216\u5e94\u53d8\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u56e0\u6b64d<sub>33<\/sub>\u8868\u793a\u6781\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u5e94\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\u6d4b\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>3.<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>3<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0\u4ecb\u8d28<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u635f\u8017<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6676\u4f53\u5728\u5916\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u6781\u5316\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u6781\u5316\u3001\u79bb\u5b50\u6781\u5316\u548c\u53d6\u5411\u6781\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecb\u8d28\u6781\u5316\u5f3a\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5f1b\u8c6b\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u6781\u5316\u5f1b\u8c6b\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u53d8\u7535\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d6\u5411\u6781\u5316\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6676\u4f53\u4ecb\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u4ecb\u8d28\u635f\u8017\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u548c\u9759\u6001\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6781\u5316\u6ede\u540e\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4ecb\u8d28\u635f\u8017\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u4ecb\u8d28\u6f0f\u7535\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ecb\u7535\u635f\u8017\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u70ed\u800c\u6d88\u8017\u90e8\u5206\u7535\u80fd\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4ecb\u8d28\u635f\u8017\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u6108\u5dee\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ecb\u8d28\u635f\u8017\u662f\u5224\u522b\u6750\u6599\u6027\u80fd\u597d\u574f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6750\u6599\u548c\u5236\u4f5c\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>3.<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>4<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0\u673a\u68b0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u54c1\u8d28\u56e0\u6570<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5229\u7528\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5236\u4f5c\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u3001\u8c10\u632f\u6362\u80fd\u5668\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9891\u7387\u632f\u5b50\u7b49\u5668\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5229\u7528\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8c10\u632f\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a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<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u673a\u7535<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u6570<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u673a\u7535\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u6570k\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u4e0e\u7535\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u538b\u7535\u632f\u5b50\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u4e0e\u632f\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u673a\u7535\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u6570\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\uff0c\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u53cd\u6620\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4ece\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u9014\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8d85\u9ad8\u9891\u548c\u9ad8\u9891\u5668\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u548c\u9ad8\u9891\u4ecb\u8d28\u635f\u8017\u8981\u5c0f\uff1b\u7528\u4f5c\u6362\u80fd\u5668\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u6570\u5927\uff0c\u58f0\u963b\u6297\u5339\u914d\u8981\u597d\u3002\u7528\u4f5c\u6807\u51c6\u9891\u7387\u632f\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u54c1\u8d28\u56e0\u6570Q<sub>m<\/sub>\u503c\u9ad8\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u63ba\u6742\u3001\u53d6\u4ee3\u7b49\u6539\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u5f97\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u56db\u3001<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u5206\u7c7b<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5206\u4e3a\u538b\u7535\u5355\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u591a\u6676\u4f53\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u3001\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u53ca\u805a\u5408\u7269-\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u56db\u7c7b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u56db\u7c7b\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u5360\u636e\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u538b\u7535\u5355\u6676\u4f53\uff1a\u77f3\u82f1\u3001\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u538b\u7535\u6676\u4f53\uff08\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u94be\u94a0\u3001\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u4e59\u70ef\u4e8c\u94f5\u3001\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u4e8c\u94be\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94be\u7b49\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u591a\u6676\u4f53\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u6709\u949b\u9178\u94a1\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u3001\u9506\u949b\u9178\u94c5\u7cfb\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u3001\u94cc\u9178\u76d0\u7cfb\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u548c\u94cc\u9541\u9178\u94c5\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u7b49\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\uff1a\u6781\u6027\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u5982\u805a\u504f\u6c1f\u4e59\u70ef\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u6709\u4f4e\u58f0\u5b66\u963b\u6297\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u6781\u8584\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u538b\u7535\u53c2\u6570\u5c0f\u3001\u6781\u5316\u7535\u573a\u9ad8\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u805a\u5408\u7269-\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\uff1a\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u5236\u4f5c\u6781\u8584\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u5c0f\u3001\u6781\u5316\u7535\u573a\u9ad8\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u94a8\u9752\u94dc\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u94cb\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-63014 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72474-3.png\" width=\"513\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72474-3.png 513w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72474-3-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe4\u00a0\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>4.1 \u538b\u7535<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u5355\u6676\u4f53<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u77f3\u82f1\u6676\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u5f3a\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u7edd\u7f18\u6027\u80fd\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ef7\u683c\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u7cfb\u6570\u6bd4\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u4eea\u5668\u6216\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u77f3\u82f1\u6676\u4f53\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u8c10\u632f\u5668\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u56e0\u6570\u548c\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bb2\u673a\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u624b\u8868\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u4eea\u5668\u7b49\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u4f5c\u538b\u8154\u632f\u8361\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-63015 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72475-2.png\" width=\"543\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72475-2.png 543w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72475-2-300x96.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe5\u00a0\u77f3\u82f1\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u538b\u7535\u6676\u4f53\u5982\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u94be\u94a0\u3001\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u4e59\u70ef\u4e8c\u94f5\u3001\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u4e8c\u94be\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94be\u7b49\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5355\u6676\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5c06\u591a\u6676\u4f53\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\uff08\u5982\u949b\u9178\u94c5\uff09\u5355\u6676\u5316\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6750\u6599\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>4.2 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u591a\u6676\u4f53<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u6676\u4f53\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u662f\u6307\u628a\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u7ecf\u9ad8\u6e29\u70e7\u7ed3\u540e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u538b\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u548c\u7535\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u529f\u80fd\u9676\u74f7\u6750\u6599\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u591a\u6676\u4f53\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u4e3a\u9506\u949b\u9178\u94c5\uff08PZT\uff09\u7cfb\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u3002\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4f4e\u6e29\u70e7\u7ed3PZT\u9676\u74f7\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5927\u529f\u7387\u9ad8\u8f6c\u6362\u6548\u7387\u7684PZT\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u538b\u7535\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u65e0\u94c5\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u5355\u6676\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-63016 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72476.png\" width=\"498\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72476.png 498w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72476-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe6\u00a0\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u591a\u6676\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u949b\u9178\u94a1(BaTiO<sub>3<\/sub>, BT)\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u4ecb\u7535\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5feb\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u9891\u7535\u8def\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u949b\u9178\u94a1\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5df2\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u949b\u9178\u94a1\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u5f3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9676\u74f7\u5de5\u827a\u5236\u6210\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u949b\u9178\u94a1\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u58f0\u7eb3\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u632f\u5b50\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u58f0\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u88c5\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u3002BT\u7684\u8c10\u9891\u6e29\u5ea6\u7279\u6027\u5dee\uff0c\u52a0\u5165Pb\u548cCa\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdbBT\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9506\u949b\u9178\u94c5\uff08Pb\uff08Zr, Ti\uff09O<sub>3<\/sub>\uff0cPZT\uff09\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u90e8\u5206\u538b\u7535\u6362\u80fd\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9506\u949b\u9178\u94c5\uff08PZT\uff09\u4e3a\u949b\u9178\u94c5\uff08PbTiO<sub>3<\/sub>\uff09\u548c\u9506\u9178\u94c5\uff08PbZrO<sub>3<\/sub>\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u56fa\u6eb6\u4f53\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5c45\u91cc\u6e29\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u5927\u3001\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u538b\u7535\u6362\u80fd\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5728\u9506\u949b\u9178\u94c5\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u4e24\u79cd\u5176\u5b83\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u94cc\u3001\u9511\u3001\u9521\u3001\u9530\u3001\u94a8\u7b49\uff09\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u80fd\u7684PZT\u6750\u6599\u3002\u9506\u949b\u9178\u94c5\u7cfb\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u538b\u7535\u5f0f\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u538b\u7535\u6216\u7535\u81f4\u4f38\u7f29\u5668\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6750\u6599\u90fd\u662f\u542b\u94c5\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\uff0cPZT\u57fa\u9676\u74f7\u81f4\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5360\u6709\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe98%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u94c5\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u5a01\u80c1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u7834\u574f\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u94c5\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u6750\u6599\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u538b\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u504f\u4f4e\u4e14\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5de5\u827a\u590d\u6742\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u65e0\u94c5\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5728\u5668\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u65e0\u94c5\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5360\u6bd4\u6781\u5c11\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u65e0\u94c5\u538b\u7535\u4f53\u7cfb\u6709KNN-BNT\uff0cKNN-BT\uff0cBNT-BT\uff0cBKT-BT\uff0cBNT-BT-KNN\u53caBNT-BKT\u7b49\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u65e0\u94c5\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\u6709\u671b\u572810\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u5e94\u7528<sup>[<\/sup><sup>2<\/sup><sup>]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>4.3<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u805a\u504f\u6c1f\u4e59\u70ef\uff08PVDF\uff09\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u5fae\u6676\u533a\u5206\u6563\u4e8e\u975e\u6676\u533a\u6784\u6210\u3002\u975e\u6676\u533a\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u5316\u8f6c\u53d8\u6e29\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u5fae\u6676\u533a\u7684\u7194\u878d\u6e29\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9650\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u5916\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u65cb\u8f6c\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5782\u76f4\u4e8e\u8584\u819c\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u78b3-\u6c1f\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6781\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u6750\u6599\u5177\u6709\u538b\u7535\u7279\u6027<sup>[<\/sup><sup>3<\/sup><sup>]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-63017 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72477.png\" width=\"392\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72477.png 392w, http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/\u56fe\u72477-300x158.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe7 PVDF\u6676\u533a\u4e0e\u975e\u6676\u533a\u6392\u5e03\u5f62\u6001\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u548c\u538b\u7535\u6676\u4f53\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u8010\u51b2\u51fb\u6027\u3001\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4f4e\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u3001\u67d4\u6027\u3001\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u5bf9\u7535\u538b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u6027\u3001\u4f4e\u58f0\u963b\u6297\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u963b\u6297\u3001\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u51fb\u7a7f\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u5728\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5668\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002PVDF\u538b\u7535\u9ad8\u805a\u7269\u8584\u819c\u538b\u7535\u6027\u5f3a\u3001\u67d4\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u58f0\u963b\u6297\u4e0e\u7a7a\u6c14\u3001\u6c34\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u6db2\u4f53\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u53ca\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u6362\u80fd\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>4<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>.4 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u805a\u5408\u7269<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>-\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u538b\u7535\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u76f8\u6216\u591a\u76f8\u6750\u6599\u590d\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\uff08PZT\uff09\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff08PVDF\u6216\u73af\u6c27\u6811\u8102\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599<sup>[<\/sup><sup>4<\/sup><sup>]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u9676\u74f7\u76f8\u5c06\u7535\u80fd\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u57fa\u4f53\u5219\u4f7f\u5e94\u529b\u5728\u9676\u74f7\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u9012<sup>[<\/sup><sup>5<\/sup><sup>]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u517c\u6709\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u538b\u7535\u9676\u74f7\u6216\u4e0e\u538b\u7535\u5355\u6676\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u67d4\u987a\u6027\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u52a0\u5de5\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u578b\uff0c\u4e14\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\u3001\u58f0\u901f\u4f4e\u3002\u4e0e\u805a\u5408\u7269\u538b\u7535\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u538b\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u548c\u673a\u7535\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u6570\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u538b\u7535\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u78c1\u81f4\u4f38\u7f29\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u78c1\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u53c2\u8003<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u6587\u732e<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u8bb8\u715c\u5bf0. \u94c1\u7535\u4e0e\u538b\u7535\u6750\u6599[M]. \u5317\u4eac: \u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e. 1978, 4-15.<\/p>\n<p>[2]\u00a0Jurgen Rodel et al. Transferring lead-free piezoelectric ceramics into application [J]. 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