{"id":66771,"date":"2017-02-26T06:30:08","date_gmt":"2017-02-25T22:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=66771"},"modified":"2017-02-21T19:00:26","modified_gmt":"2017-02-21T11:00:26","slug":"chem-rev-%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%9a%e4%bb%b7%e7%a6%bb%e5%ad%90%e7%94%b5%e6%b1%a0%e9%98%b4%e6%9e%81%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e9%9d%a2%e4%b8%b4%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e5%8f%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=66771","title":{"rendered":"Chem. Rev.\u6700\u65b0\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong>\u3011<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8d85\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6c34\u7cfb\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u7535\u6c60\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u94c5\u9178\u7535\u6c60\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u5728\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\u9886\u57df\u5b9e\u73b0\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u60f3\u5728\u4e0e\u71c3\u6cb9\/\u6c14\u6c7d\u8f66\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0a\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u6750\u6599\u7740\u624b\u63d0\u9ad8\u7535\u6c60\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\uff08\u6216\u63d0\u5347\uff09\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6750\u6599\u6280\u672f\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u9502\u7535\u201d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u4ee5\u8fc7\u53bb20\u591a\u5e74\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u9502\u7535\u5236\u9020\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7535\u6c60\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u540c\u65f6\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6700\u5177\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u591a\u4ef7\uff08MV\uff09\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u3002\u8fd1\u65e5\uff0c\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684Pieremanuele Canepa\u6559\u6388\u548c<\/span><\/strong>Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam\u6559\u6388\uff08\u5171\u540c\u901a\u8baf\uff09<\/strong>\u53d1\u8868\u4e8eChemical Reviews<\/strong> \u9898\u4e3a\u201cOdyssey of Multivalent Cathode Materials: Open Questions and\u00a0Future Challenges\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u7ed3\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u9762\u4e34\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7efc\u8ff0\u603b\u89c8\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u591a\u4ef7\u7535\u6c60\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7531\u91d1\u5c5e\u9634\u6781\uff08\u5982Mg\uff09\u3001\u4f9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u5d4c\u5165\u8131\u51fa\u7684\u9633\u6781\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u56fe1\u4e3aMg\u591a\u4ef7\u7535\u6c60\u653e\u7535\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56fe<\/strong>1 <\/strong>\u5178\u578b\u7684<\/strong>MV<\/strong>\u7535\u6c60\u653e\u7535\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. \u591a\u4ef7\u9633\u6781\u548c\u7535\u89e3\u6db2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u591a\u4ef7\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\uff08Mg, Ca\uff09\u5145\u653e\u7535\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c89\u79ef\u8f83Li\u79bb\u5b50\u66f4\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u53d1\u751f\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5f00\u53d1\u9002\u5408\u8be5\u7535\u6c60\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u9762\u4e34\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u73b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u53d7\u5f88\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7a97\u53e3\u8f83\u5c0f\u3001MV\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u6027\u5dee\u3001MV\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c89\u79ef\/\u8131\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u3001\u96c6\u6d41\u4f53\u5728\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7b49\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>2 Mg<\/strong>\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7\u96f7\u8fbe\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

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b. \u591a\u4ef7\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd1\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u591a\u7684Mg2+<\/sup>\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4f8b\u5982Zn2+<\/sup>\u3001 Ca2+<\/sup>\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74MV\u7535\u6c60\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728Mg\u4e0a\u3002\u4ece\u56fe3\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4e0eMV\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u91cf\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u997c\u56fe\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dMg\u6700\u591a\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>3 1985-2015<\/strong>\u5e74<\/strong>MV<\/strong>\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7edf\u8ba1<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. MV<\/strong>\u7535\u6c60\u6280\u672f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>4 BatPaC<\/strong>\u6a21\u578b\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd4\u80fd\u91cf\u6750\u6599\uff08\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u6807\u793a\u6240\u793a\u7535\u538b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5e73\u5747\u4f53\u79ef\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff09\u5f00\u8def\u7535\u538b\u4e0e\u7535\u6c60\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/p>\n

(b)\u4ee5800Wh\/kg\u6d3b\u6027\u6750\u6599\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840BatPaC\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u968f\u9634\u6781\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868USABC\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0<\/strong>Chevrel<\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>5 Chevrel<\/strong>\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u5728a-b\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u6295\u5f71\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6a59\u8272\u548c\u84dd\u8272\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\u7c7b\u578b1\u548c\u7c7b\u578b2\u7684\u7a7a\u8154\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/p>\n

(b)\u8868\u793a6\u4e2a\u201c\u5185\u201d\uff08\u7c7b\u578b1\uff09\u8154\u4f4d\u548c2\u4e2a\u201c\u5916\u201d\uff08\u7c7b\u578b2\uff09\u8154\u4f4d\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

(c)\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4fef\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u7531\u5185\u8154\u548c\u5916\u8154\u7ec4\u6210\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u516d\u8fb9\u5f62\u56fe\u6848<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>6 Mg<\/strong>\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)Mg\u5d4c\u5165Mo6<\/sub>S8<\/sub>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u538b\u2014\u2014\u5bb9\u91cf\u66f2\u7ebf<\/p>\n

(b)\u5404\u4f4d\u70b9\u95f4\u8ddd\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

4. \u786b\u65cf\u5316\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6539\u8fdbChevrel\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eChevrel\u76f8\uff0c\u5171\u4ef7\u6027\u548c\u786b\u65cf\u5316\u7269\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7fMV\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u6676\u683c\u95f4\u6269\u6563\u9759\u7535\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u503e\u5411\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86MV\u5728\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u5185\u6269\u6563\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1\u00a0<\/strong>\u5c42\u72b6\u548c\u5c16\u6676\u77f3\u76f8<\/strong>TiS2<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mg\u5728\u5c42\u72b6\uff08TiS2<\/sub>\uff09\u6216\u5c16\u6676\u77f3\uff08Ti2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\uff09\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660eCuFeS2<\/sub>\u3001CuFe2<\/sub>S3<\/sub>\u3001Cu9<\/sub>S8<\/sub>\u3001Cu2<\/sub>S\u3001NiS\u3001TiS2<\/sub>\u3001Ti2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u8fdb\u884cMg\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u548c\u8131\u51fa\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c42\u72b6TiS2<\/sub>\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u653e\u7535\u5bb9\u91cf\u7ea620mAh\/g\uff09\u548c\u5c16\u6676\u77f3- Ti2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\uff08\u301c90mAh g\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u56fe7a\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u65f6\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u91cf\u8870\u51cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5de5\u4f5c\u663e\u793a\u5c16\u6676\u77f3- Ti2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\u6750\u6599\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u80fd\uff08\u56fe7b\u548cc\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u7d27\u5bc6\u5806\u79ef\u7684\u5c16\u6676\u77f3- Ti2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\u662fMg\u53ef\u9006\u5d4c\u5165\u8131\u51fa\u7684\u826f\u597d\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>7 TiS2<\/sub><\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>Ti2<\/sub>S4<\/sub><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u572860\u2103\u65f6\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u5c42\u72b6TiS2<\/sub>\u548c\u5c16\u6676\u77f3-Ti2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\u5145\u653e\u7535\u66f2\u7ebf<\/p>\n

(b)300K\u4e0b\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\u6a21\u62df\u5c16\u6676\u77f3Mgx<\/sub>Ti2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\u7684\u7535\u538b\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08\u9ed1\u7ebf\uff09\u548c\u572860\u2103\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u6052\u7535\u4f4d\u95f4\u6b47\u6ef4\u5b9a\u6280\u672f\uff08GITT\uff09\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u7535\u538b\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff09\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1<\/p>\n

(c)\u5728APC \/\u56db\u7518\u9187\u4e8c\u7532\u919a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e2dC\/10\u500d\u7387\u4e0b\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u5e93\u4f26\u6548\u7387\u56fe<\/p>\n

(d)\u539f\u59cbTi2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\u5c16\u6676\u77f3\uff08\u9ed1\u8272\uff09\u3001\u653e\u7535\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u3001\u5145\u7535\uff08\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684XRD\u56fe<\/p>\n

4.2 <\/strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u786b\u5316\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mg\u5728\u5c42\u72b6\u548c\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684MoS2<\/sub>\u4e2d\u53ef\u9006\u5d4c\u5165\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u9996\u6b21\u653e\u7535Mg\u5d4c\u5165MoS2<\/sub>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u8870\u51cf\uff0c\u4e14\u7535\u538b\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08\u5178\u578b\u7684\u786b\u5316\u7269\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\u6709\u673a\u805a\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef\u6269\u5927MoS2<\/sub>\u5c42\u95f4\u8ddd\uff0c\u52a0\u5febMg\u7684\u6269\u6563\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\u548c\u4f4e\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

4.3\u00a0<\/strong>\u7852\u5316\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u5c42\u72b6TiSe2<\/sub>\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165Mg\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u7535\u538b\u6709\u7ea61.0 V vs Mg\/Mg 2+<\/sup>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bb9\u91cf\u7ea6108mAh\/g\u3002XRD\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51faMg\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5c42\u95f4\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\u540c\u6837WSe2<\/sub>\u4e5f\u6709203 mAh\/g\u7684\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u4e14\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u80fd\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>8 <\/strong>\u7852\u5316\u7269\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)TiSe2<\/sub>\u6750\u6599\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u5bb9\u91cf\u7535\u538b\u56fe<\/p>\n

(b)\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd4\u4f8bMg\u5d4c\u5165TiSe2<\/sub>\u5c42\u7684XRD\u56fe\u8c31<\/p>\n

(c)Mg\u5d4c\u5165WSe2<\/sub>\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ebf\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u7535\u538b\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u786b\u5316\u7269\u548c\u7852\u5316\u7269\u662f\u66ff\u4ee3Chevrel\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684MV\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u8fd1\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cMg\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u4e2dS\u9634\u6781\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e20\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u540e\u5bb9\u91cf\u4ecd\u6709300mAh\/g\uff0c\u4e14Mg\/S\u4f53\u7cfb\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe495Wh\/kg\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u8870\u51cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u786b\u66ff\u4ee3\u786b\u5316\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3aMg\u7535\u6c60\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u8fd8\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u6c27\u5316\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u63d0\u9ad8\u786b\u65cf\u5316\u7269MV\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u9009\u7528\u9ad8\u7535\u52bf\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u9634\u6781\u5d4c\u5165\u6750\u6599\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u76ee\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u786b\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6c27\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u5d4c\u5165\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u7406\u8bba\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u66ff\u4ee3\u786b\u5316\u7269\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u3001\u6eb6\u5242\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5171\u5d4c\u5165\u3001\u591a\u4ef7\u91d1\u5c5e\u5411\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u7b49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u8f83\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\uff08Mg\u548cZn\uff09\u53ef\u9006\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5c42\u72b6\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982MoO3<\/sub>\u548cV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u5c42\u72b6\u548c\u4e2d\u7a7a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684MnO2<\/sub>\u591a\u6676\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

5.1 <\/strong>\u5c42\u72b6<\/strong>MoO3<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u03b1-MoO3<\/sub>\u662f\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7406\u8bba\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08372.3 mAh\/g\uff09\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u89c1\u56fe9\u3002 \u4f46\u8be5\u6750\u6599\u7528\u4e8e\u9541\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u8d1f\u6781\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u6c60\u5bb9\u91cf\u8870\u51cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u8870\u51cf\u662f\u7531\u5145\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6750\u6599\u4e3b\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u7531\u4e0b\u56fe\u6052\u7535\u4f4d\u548c\u6052\u7535\u6d41\u626b\u63cf\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5f62\u72b6\u95f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4e14MoO3<\/sub>\u7c89\u672b\u538b\u5236\u7684\u7535\u6781\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u8870\u51cf\u548c\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u800c\u8584\u819c\u7535\u6781\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u53ef\u7f29\u77ed\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u8131\u5d4c\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4e14\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u5728\u542bMg\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e2d\u653e\u7535\u540e\u03b1-MoO3<\/sub>\u8584\u819c\u7684\u5c42\u95f4\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9541\u8131\u5d4c\u540e\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\uff08\u56fe10\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cMgx<\/sub>Mo2.5+y<\/sub>VO9+\u03b4<\/sub>\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206Mg\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u5d4c\u5165\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5bb9\u91cf\u8870\u51cf\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>9 \u03b1-MoO3<\/sub><\/strong>\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u5c42\u72b6MoO3<\/sub>\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u7d2b\u8272\u7684Mo\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u4e3a\u914d\u4f4d\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\uff09\uff1b\u5c42\u6cbf\u7740b\u8f74\u5806\u53e0<\/p>\n

(b)Mg\u5728MoO3<\/sub>\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u8131\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u56fe<\/p>\n

(c)Mg-MoO3<\/sub>\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u6b21\u6052\u7535\u6d41\u5faa\u73af\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e3aMgCl2<\/sub>\uff1aEMIC\uff1aAlCl3<\/sub>
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>10 \u03b1-MoO3<\/sub><\/strong>\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316<\/strong>XRD<\/strong>\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe10\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u3001\u5d4cMg\u548c\u8131Mg\u540e\u7684\u03b1-MoO3<\/sub>\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316XRD\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c(XMg<\/sub> = 0.5)\u3002<\/p>\n

5.2 <\/strong>\u5c42\u72b6<\/strong>V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u659c\u65b9\u6676\u7cfbV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u662f\u5c11\u6709\u7684\u8f83\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5d4cMg\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u03b1\u548c\u03b4\u578bV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u7ed3\u6784\u89c1\u56fe11\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\u4e0eChevrel\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5165\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ecMg2+<\/sup>\u3001Ca2+<\/sup>\u548c Y3+<\/sup>\u3002V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u5728\u7ea62.35V\u5904\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7535\u538b\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6bd4\u5bb9\u91cf\u503c\u6709140 mAh\/g\uff0c\u5d4cMg\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6676\u683c\u4f1a\u6cbfb\u65b9\u5411\u81a8\u80c0(\u56fe12)\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eCa2+<\/sup>\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0eMg2+<\/sup>\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u4e2d\u8fc1\u79fb\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6eb6\u5242\u5171\u5d4c\u5165\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6c34\uff09\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79bb\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>11 <\/strong>\u659c\u65b9\u6676<\/strong>V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/strong>\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u659c\u65b9\u6676V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ea2\u8272\u68f1\u9525\u4f53\u8868\u793aVO5<\/sub>\u591a\u9762\u4f53\uff0c\u9ec4\u8272\u7403\u4f53\u5bf9\u5e94\u5d4c\u5165\u539f\u5b50<\/p>\n

(b)\u03b1\u548c\u03b4\u659c\u65b9\u6676V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>12 V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/strong>\u5145\u653e\u7535\u7535\u538b\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u659c\u65b9\u6676V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>-Mg\u7535\u6c60\u5bb9\u91cf\u7535\u538b\u66f2\u7ebf<\/p>\n

(b)\u521d\u59cb\u3001\u5145\u653e\u7535\u524d\u540eV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u7684XRD\u56fe<\/p>\n

V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/strong>\u51dd\u80f6<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8eMV\u7535\u6c60\u6765\u8bf4\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u6269\u6563\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u5171\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u50cfV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u51dd\u80f6\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u542b\u6c34\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4f1a\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\uff08\u56fe13\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6469\u5c14H2<\/sub>O\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u4f1a\u4f7fV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u5c42\u95f4\u8ddd\u589e\u5927\u223c2.8 \u00c5\uff0cMg\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8be5\u503c\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002\u9996\u6b21\u5c06\u51dd\u80f6\u6001V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u7528\u4f5cMg\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u9996\u5468\u5bb9\u91cf\u53ef\u8fbe540mAh\/g\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u91cf\u8870\u51cf\u76f8\u5f53\u5feb\uff0c\u4e14\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u5145\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6750\u6599\u5c42\u95f4\u8ddd\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u8be5\u6750\u6599\u7528\u4e8eZn\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0Zn\u5728\u6750\u6599\u5c42\u95f4\u53ef\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u4e14\u5faa\u73af\u5bb9\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u500d\u7387\u5145\u653e\u7535\u5bb9\u91cf\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c20C\u4e0b\u6709120 mAh\/g\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u5927\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51dd\u80f6\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u5229\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u5faa\u73af\u4e0bMg(Zn)\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u9006\u5730\u5d4c\u5165\u8131\u51fa\u4ecd\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e14\u5145\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u5d4c\u5165\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u5206\u89e3\u7b49\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6750\u6599\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u672a\u77e5\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>13 V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/strong>\u51dd\u80f6<\/strong>Mg<\/strong>\u5d4c\u5165\u8131\u51fa\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a,b)\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u9541\u5316\uff08X M<\/sub>g = 0.5\uff09\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u8131\u9541\u5e72\u51dd\u80f6\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2aV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u7ed3\u54081\u4e2aH2<\/sub>O\u3002\u7eff\u8272\u5706\u5708\u5185\u4e3a\u5e72\u51dd\u80f6\u4e2d\u9541\u5d4c\u5165\u540e\u5468\u56f4\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec6\u8282\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>5.3\u00a0<\/strong>\u591a\u6676\u578b<\/strong>MnO2<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

MnO2<\/sub>\u590d\u5408\u7269\u56e0\u5176\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7535\u538b\u548c\u6bd4\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e5f\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e14\u50a8\u91cf\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u6676\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3aMg\u3001Zn\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u03b1-MnO2<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6750\u6599\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u03b1-MnO2<\/sub>\u5728\u9541\u5316\u540e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a MnO\u3001Mn2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> \u548cMgO\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b54\u9053\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08\u4ece2\u00d72\u7684\u03b1-MnO2<\/sub>\u52301\u00d71\u7684\u03b2-MnO\u548cn\u00d72\u7684Ramsdellite\uff09\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cbMg\u7684\u653e\u7535\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u800c\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cMn\u4f1a\u4ece\u03b1-MnO2<\/sub>\u8868\u9762\u6d78\u51fa\u8fdb\u5165\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\uff0c\u5145\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5728Mg\u7535\u6781\u8868\u9762\u6c89\u79ef\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u8d21\u732e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u5728Zn\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u6c60\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u5728100mAh\/g\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u5145\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4MnO2<\/sub>\u6676\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u9006\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u03b4-MnO2<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u03b4-MnO2<\/sub>\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0cMg\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u3001\u8131\u51fa\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff0c\u4e14Mn\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001\uff08Mn4+<\/sup>\/Mn3+<\/sup>\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff08\u56fe14\uff09\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c34\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bb9\u91cf\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002Mg\u5d4c\u5165\u540e\u03b4-MnO2<\/sub>\u5c42\u95f4\u8ddd\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f34\u6709\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>14 \u03b4-MnO2<\/sub><\/strong>\u539f\u4f4d<\/strong>XRD<\/strong>\u56fe\u8c31<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe14\u4e3a\u03b4-MnO2<\/sub>\u5728\u5145\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7535\u4f4d\u4e0bXRD\u56fe\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e3aMg(ClO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\/ACN:H2<\/sub>O \u3002<\/p>\n

\u03bb-MnO2<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.9V\u65f6\u7406\u8bba\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u7ea6308.03mAh\/g\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u62a5\u9053Mg\u5728\u03bb-MnO2<\/sub>\u4e2d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4ee5LiMn2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\uff0cLi\u8131\u51fa\u540e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2dMg2+<\/sup>\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f62\u6210MgMn2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\uff08\u56fe15a\uff09\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u6c34\u4e2dMg\u5728\u03bb-MnO2<\/sub>\u4e2d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u8fd8\u672a\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u4e14\u6750\u6599\u5728\u6c34\u7cfb\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5faa\u73af\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e0d\u592a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709Mn3+<\/sup>\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u6b67\u5316\u4e3aMn2+<\/sup>\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u9020\u6210\u9634\u6781\u635f\u8017\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>15 Mg<\/strong>\u5728<\/strong>\u03bb-MnO2<\/sub><\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u7535\u5316\u5b66Li\u8131\u5d4c\uff0c\u968f\u540eMg(NO3<\/span>)2<\/sub>\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2dMg\u5d4c\u5165\u03bb-MnO 2<\/sub>\u4e2d<\/p>\n

(b)Mg\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5d4c\u5165\u03bb-MnO2<\/sub>\u7684ABF-STEM\u56fe\u50cf\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u539f\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

\u00a05.4\u00a0<\/strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u5c16\u6676\u77f3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe16 \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u5747\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6bd4\u5bb9\u91cf\u503c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5bfb\u6c42\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9541\u7535\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u8fd8\u9700\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u5408\u6210\u3001\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0Mg\u5728150\u00b0C\u65f6\u53ef\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5d4c\u5165\u591a\u79cd\u5c16\u6676\u77f3\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982MgCo2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u3001MgMn2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u3001MgFe2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u3001MgCr2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u548cCo3<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>16 <\/strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u5408<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u5d4c\u5165B2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u5c16\u6676\u77f3\u5f62\u6210AB2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\uff0c\uff08A = Zn\uff0cCa\uff0cMg\uff0cY\u548cAl\uff1bB =Mn\uff0cFe\uff0cCo\uff0cNi\u548cCr\uff09<\/p>\n

6.\u805a\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u6750\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u6269\u6563\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u805a\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768420\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

6.1 <\/strong>\u6a44\u6984\u77f3\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u805a\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eLiFePO4<\/sub>\u4f5c\u4e3aLi\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u9634\u6781\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u6a44\u6984\u77f3\u7ed3\u6784\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u3002 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\u968f\u540e\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4f5cMg\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\u548c\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u7845\u9178\u76d0\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u65e9\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u662f\u7528\u56fa\u6001\u5408\u6210\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u7684MgFeSiO4<\/sub>\uff0c\u4f46Mg\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9Li2<\/sub>FeSiO4<\/sub>\u8131\u9502\u540e\u5d4c\u9541\uff08\u56fe17a\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u7ea6330 mAh\/g\u3002MgMnSiO4<\/sub>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5c3a\u5bf8\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u7535\u6781\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u63a5\u89e6\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u79bb\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u6750\u6599\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u78f7\u9178\u76d0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728FePO4\uff0c<\/sub>\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9541\u7535\u6c60\u9634\u6781\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>17\u00a0<\/strong>\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210<\/strong>MgFeSiO4<\/sub><\/strong>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u4ee5Li2<\/sub>FeSiO4<\/sub>\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210MgFeSiO4<\/sub>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2dLi\/Mg\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

(b)\u4eceLi2<\/sub>FeSiO4<\/sub>\u5230MgFeSiO4<\/sub>\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5145\u653e\u7535\u66f2\u7ebf<\/p>\n

(c)\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u5f97\u5230\u7684MgFeSiO4<\/sub>\u57286.62mA\/g\u7535\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5145\u653e\u7535\u66f2\u7ebf<\/p>\n

6.2 NASICONs<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u94a0\u79bb\u5b50\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\uff08NASICONs\uff09\u56e0\u6750\u6599\u4e2dNa+<\/sup>\u8d85\u9ad8\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u800c\u5f97\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u4e3aAx<\/sub>M2<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dA \u4e3a Li +<\/sup>\uff0cNa +<\/sup>\u6216\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\uff0cM\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Ti\uff0cZr\uff0cV\uff0cFe\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6676\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u56fe18\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u514b\u670d\u6750\u6599\u8f83\u5dee\u7684Mg\u8fc1\u79fb\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u5bf9\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u63ba\u6742\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>18 <\/strong>\u516d\u65b9\u548c\u5355\u659c\u6676\u578b<\/strong>NASICONs<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u516d\u65b9\u548c\u5355\u659c\u6676\u4f53NASICON\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u6a59\u8272\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u548c\u7070\u8272\u591a\u9762\u4f53\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u7531\u6c27\u914d\u4f4d\u7684Mg\uff0cTi\uff0cZr\u548cP\u539f\u5b50\u3002
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

6.3 <\/strong>\u6c1f<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u805a\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u6750\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6750\u6599\u4e2dF\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u53ef\u5f31\u5316Mg\u4e0e\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u660eMg\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6750\u6599\u91cc\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u6709\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97FeSO4<\/sub>F\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9Mg\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u963b\u788d\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53ef\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6750\u6599\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

6.4 \u787c\u9178\u76d0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6c27\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u57fa\u56e2\u4e2d\uff0c\u787c\u9178\u76d0\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\/\u7535\u8377\u6bd4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6bd4\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u787c\u9178\u76d0\u81ea\u8eab\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u8db3\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u787c\u9178\u76d0\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u6b63\u787c\u9178\u76d0M2<\/sub>BO4<\/sub>\u548c\u7126\u787c\u9178\u76d0M2<\/sub>B2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u88ab\u7528\u5728Mg\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0MgVBO4<\/sub>\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u800cMgx<\/sub>Fe2-x<\/sub>B2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6e29\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7200\u00b0C\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e14\u787c\u9178\u76d0\u6750\u6599\u4e2dMg\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

6.5 \u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u84dd\u8272\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u5408\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u673a\u9aa8\u67b6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u673a\u6846\u67b6\u5d4c\u5165\u5c42\u901a\u9053\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53ef\u63a7\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u84dd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u9006\u5730\u5d4c\u5165\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ecMg2+<\/sup>\u3001Ca2+<\/sup>\u3001Sr2+<\/sup>\u3001Ba2+<\/sup>\u3001Co2+<\/sup>\u3001Ni2<\/sup>+<\/sup>\u3001Cu2+<\/sup>\u3001Zn2+<\/sup>\u3001Pb2+<\/sup>\u3001Al3+<\/sup>\u3001Y3+<\/sup>\u3001La3+<\/sup>\u3001Ce3+<\/sup>\u3001Nd3+ <\/sup>\u7b49\uff0c\u4e14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u7c7b\u6750\u6599\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u80fd\uff08\u56fe19\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5MnFe(CN)6<\/sub>\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u84dd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u4e3a\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684Ca\u7535\u6c60\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u9996\u5468\u5bb9\u91cf\u670990mAh\/g\u4e14\u524d20\u5468\u5faa\u73af\u5e93\u4f26\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230100%\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u3002\u4e0eV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub> \u548cMnO2<\/sub>\u9634\u6781\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u6c34\uff09\u7684\u5171\u5d4c\u5165\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u79bb\u5b50\u5d4c\u5165\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u84dd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u5907\u9009\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>19 <\/strong>\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u84dd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

(a)\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u84dd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

(b)\u5355\u4ef7\u548c\u4e8c\u4ef7\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4f0f\u5b89\u56fe\uff08\u5373H\uff0cMg\u548cCa\uff09<\/p>\n

(c)\u4e09\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u6052\u7535\u6d41\u5145\u653e\u7535\u5bb9\u91cf-\u7535\u538b\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u3010\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong>&<\/strong>\u5c55\u671b\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mg\u7535\u6c60\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08750 Wh\/l\uff09\u5177\u6709\u5728\u7535\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u56f0\u96be\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8f83\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u7684Chevrel\u76f8\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u500d\u7387\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u7535\u538b\u548c\u5bb9\u91cf\u5747\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6750\u6599\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6f5c\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u3002
\n\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/strong>20 <\/strong>\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe20\u4e2d\u4e3a\u786b\u5316\u7269\uff08Chevrel\u548cTi2<\/sub>S4<\/sub>\uff09\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff08MoO3<\/sub>\uff0cV2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u548cMnO2<\/sub>\uff09\u548c\u805a\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\uff08FeSiO4<\/sub>\uff09\u7684\u7535\u538b\u3001\u6bd4\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u963b\u788d\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5730\u58f3\u4e2d\u4e30\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u786b\u5316\u7269MV\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u76f8\u6bd4\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u8f83\u4e3a\u900a\u8272\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272MV\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u7535\u538b\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46MV\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u96be\u8de8\u8d8a\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002MV\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u548c\u6c1f\u805a\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684Mg\u8fc1\u79fb\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u540e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u732e\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/strong>Odyssey of Multivalent Cathode Materials: Open Questions and Future Challenges<\/span><\/a>(Chem. Rev., 2017 doi:10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00614)<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u5b66\u672f\u7ec4 Starkle\u00a0\u4f9b\u7a3f\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u725b\u7f16\u8f91\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6750\u6599\u725b\u7f51\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u79d1\u6280\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5404\u5927\u9ad8\u6821\u7855\u535a\u751f\u3001\u4e00\u7ebf\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6750\u6599\u9886\u57df\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u662f\u8bc4\u8ff0\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u70b9\u6211\u52a0\u5165\u6750\u6599\u4eba\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

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