{"id":67089,"date":"2017-02-27T06:30:59","date_gmt":"2017-02-26T22:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=67089"},"modified":"2017-02-25T11:12:35","modified_gmt":"2017-02-25T03:12:35","slug":"%e5%ad%a6%e6%9c%af%e5%b9%b2%e8%b4%a7%e7%9f%b3%e5%a2%a8%e7%83%af%e7%9a%84%e7%89%87%e5%b1%82%e5%a4%a7%e5%b0%8f%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d%e5%85%b6%e5%a4%8d%e5%90%88%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.cailiaoniu.com\/?p=67089","title":{"rendered":"\u5b66\u672f\u5e72\u8d27|\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u7247\u5c42\u5927\u5c0f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6027\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

1 \u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u662f\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4ee5sp2\u6742\u5316\u952e\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143\u662f\u6709\u673a\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u516d\u5143\u73af\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u57283000 W\u00b7(m\u00b7K)-1<\/sup>\u5de6\u53f3\uff1b\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe2\u00d7105<\/sup> cm2<\/sup>\u00b7(V\u00b7s)-1<\/sup>\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u8d28\u91cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u4e3a2630 m2<\/sup>\/g\uff0c\u6768\u6c0f\u6a21\u91cf\u8fbe1.0 TPa\uff0c\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u4e0e\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e[1]\u3002\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u539f\u6599\u6613\u5f97\uff0c\u4e14\u5236\u5907\u5de5\u827a\u4e0e\u53ef\u52a0\u5de5\u6027\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u3002\u6839\u636e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02\u3001\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u540e\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u5404\u79cd\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u805a\u5408\u7269\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

2 \u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

2004\u5e74\uff0cGeim\u7b49[2]\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u4e8c\u7ef4\u539f\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef(graphene\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0GR)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u673a\u68b0\u5265\u79bb\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u666e\u901a\u80f6\u5e26\u5c06\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4ece\u77f3\u58a8\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5265\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89c2\u6d4b\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u78b3\u6750\u6599\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u96f6\u7ef4\u7684\u5bcc\u52d2\u70ef\u3001\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684CNTs\u3001\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u7ef4\u7684\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u548c\u77f3\u58a8\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1 \u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u662f\u7531\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4ee5sp2\u6742\u5316\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5355\u539f\u5b50\u5c42\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5355\u539f\u5b50\u539a\u5ea6\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4ec5\u4e3a0.35 nm\uff09\u7684\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002
\n \"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1 GR\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u95f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u03c3\u952e\uff0c\u800c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7sp2\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u672a\u6210\u952e\u7684\u03c0\u7535\u5b50\u53cap\u7a7a\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u5927\u03c0\u952e\uff0c\uff08\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\uff09\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143\u662f\u6709\u673a\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u516d\u5143\u73af[3]\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e14\u5e73\u6574\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\u8584\u819c\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u5373\u8936\u76b1[4]\u3002
\n \"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2 GR\u9762\u5185\u03c3\u952e\u548c\u5782\u76f4\u9762\u03c0\u952e\u8f68\u8ff9<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.2 \u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5176\u8bf8\u591a\u7684\u4f18\u5f02\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u5236\u5907\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5c42\u6570\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u539a\u5ea6\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u7eb3\u7c73\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u53ca\u5355\u5c42\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef[5]\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2.1 \u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7a81\u51fa\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad8\u6a21\u91cf\u3002\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fbe130 GPa\uff0c\u662f\u666e\u901a\u94a2\u6750\u6599\u7684100\u500d\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u6297\u62c9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8fbe125 GPa\uff0c\u5f39\u6027\u6a21\u91cf\u8fbe1.1 TPa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8d28\u91cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u4e3a2630 m2<\/sup>\/g\uff0c\u6768\u6c0f\u6a21\u91cf\u8fbe1.0 TPa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u786c\u5ea6\u6bd4\u83ab\u6c0f\u786c\u5ea610\u7ea7\u7684\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u8fd8\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u97e7\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f2f\u66f2\uff0c\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u4f18\u5f02[6]\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2.2 \u7535\u5b66\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5e73\u9762\u5185\u7684\u03c0\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u53ef\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u67d4\u97e7\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u5916\u529b\u65bd\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u9762\u4f1a\u5f2f\u66f2\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6676\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5176\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5176\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u7a7a\u7a74\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u65b0\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u5bfc\u73b0\u8c61\u3002Novoselov\u7b49[7]\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u5ba4\u6e29\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u5c14\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5176\u65e0\u8d28\u91cf\u72c4\u62c9\u514b-\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u578b\u8f7d\u6d41\u5b50\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387\uff0c\u5728200000 cm2<\/sup>\/V\u00b7s\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u800cHeersche\u7b49[8]\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u5bfc\u7279\u6027\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5728\u53cc\u6781\u6027\u7535\u573a\u6548\u5e94\u4e2d\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f39\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\u7279\u6027\uff08300K\u4e0b\u53ef\u8fbe0.3\u03bcm\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6e29\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u63ba\u6742\u6548\u5e94\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u7535\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u8fd0\u8f93\u5668\u4ef6\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u6216\u9502\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u72c4\u62c9\u514b-\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u91cf\u5b50\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2.3 \u70ed\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u70ed\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u9ad8\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u548c\u8d1f\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5355\u5c42\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe6000W\/mK\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u548c\u591a\u5c42\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u5206\u522b\u57285000W\/mK\u548c3000W\/mK\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u94dc(398 W\/mK)\u3001\u94f6\uff08427W\/mK\uff09\u3001\u91d1\uff08315W\/mK\uff09\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u548c\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff082000W\/mK\uff09\u66f4\u4f18[9]\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2.4 \u4e0d\u540c\u7247\u5c42\u5927\u5c0f\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7247\u5c42\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u57fa\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u8d77\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u5c42\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u5b8f\u89c2\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5927\u6216\u5c0f\u7684\u7247\u5c42\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5927\u7247\u5c42\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u57fa\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c2D\u5206\u5c42\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u548c\u5149\u7535\u5b50\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u8584\u819c[10]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u5c42\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7247\u5c42\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u70b9\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u7535\u963b\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002\u800c\u5c0f\u7247\u5c42\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u66f4\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u611f\u6d4b\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528[11]\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u4e0e\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u548c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u7247\u5c42\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5173\u7cfb[12]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u7247\u5c42\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u6bd4\u5c0f\u7247\u5c42\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

2.3 \u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u5236\u5907<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u5fae\u673a\u68b0\u5265\u79bb\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8d39\u65f6\u8d39\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u800c\u968f\u7740\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u5176\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a
\n \uff081\uff09\u673a\u68b0\u5265\u79bb\u6cd5\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u900f\u660e\u80f6\u5e26\u53cd\u590d\u5265\u79bb\u81f3\u8f83\u8584\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u7247\u5c42\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u884c\u5730\u5236\u5907\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e14\u5236\u5f97\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5c3a\u5bf8\u96be\u63a7\uff0c\u7f3a\u9677\u8f83\u5927\u3002
\n \uff082\uff09\u53d6\u5411\u9644\u751f\u6cd5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u751f\u957f\u57fa\u8d28\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u5355\u6676\u886c\u5e95\u4e0a\u201c\u79cd\u201d\u51fa\u6676\u5411\u4e0e\u886c\u5e95\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5355\u6676\u5c42\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u57282550 \u00b0C\u4e0b\u6e17\u5165\u948c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u51b7\u5374\u52302310 \u00b0C\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u5438\u6536\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u955c\u7247\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u4e14\u6d6e\u51fa\u5e76\u5e03\u6ee1\u6574\u4e2a\u948c\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u201c\u957f\u201d\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5b9a\u5411\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u539a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u635f[13]\u3002
\n \uff083\uff09\u5316\u5b66\u6c14\u76f8\u6c89\u6dc0\u6cd5\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e8e\u6c14\u6001\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ea7\u7269\u5448\u56fa\u6001\u6c89\u79ef\u5728\u56fa\u6001\u57fa\u4f53\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5236\u5907\u51fa\u56fa\u4f53\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u8584\u819c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u5df2\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u5584\u3002Reina\u7b49[14]\u4ee5\u591a\u6676\u954d\u4e3a\u57fa\u677f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8868\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u89e3\u7532\u70f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c22\u6c14\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u5f9712\u5c42\u4ee5\u4e0b\u751a\u81f3\u5355\u5c42\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u8584\u819c\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u5c42\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u5236\u5907\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7f3a\u5931\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u5c14\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u7535\u5b50\u6027\u8d28\u53d7\u886c\u5e95\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u3002
\n \uff084\uff09\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6cd5\u3002Liu\u7b49[15]\u4ee5\u77f3\u58a8\u68d2\u4e3a\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u79bb\u5b50\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e3a\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\uff0c\u7528\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u6cd5\u5c06\u9633\u6781\u4e0a\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u7247\u5c42\u5265\u843d\u800c\u6210\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\uff0c\u5176\u7247\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5206\u6563\u5728\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u3002
\n \uff085\uff09\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u6cd5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ee5\u5929\u7136\u77f3\u58a8\u6216\u8005\u81a8\u80c0\u77f3\u58a8\u7c89\u4e0e\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u9178\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u80f6\u4f53\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u6c27\u5316\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5Hummers\u6cd5[16]\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u548c\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\u4e3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u77f3\u58a8\u7c89\uff0c\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u77f3\u58a8\u5c42\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0e\u03c0\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u574f\u5c42\u5185\u03c0\u952e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u5c42\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u7fb0\u57fa\u3001\u7fa7\u57fa\u7b49\u542b\u6c27\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u83b7\u5f97\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u53ca\u70ed\u8fd8\u539f\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\u3002
\n \"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

3 \u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\/\u805a\u5408\u7269\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd1\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u5668\u4ef6\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u6750\u6599\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\/\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5bfc\u7535\u3001\u5bfc\u70ed\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8010\u70ed\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u5c42\u5927\u5c0f\u5bf9\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e5f\u8f83\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d75\u4e3d\u7b49[17]\u4ee5\u6eb6\u6db2\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\/\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5bf9\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u63ba\u6742\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u786c\u5ea6\u7b49\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002Mu\u7b49[18]\u901a\u8fc7\u7194\u878d\u6df7\u5408\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2\u63d2\u5c42\u5236\u5f97\u81a8\u80c0\u77f3\u58a8\/\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u81a8\u5316\u77f3\u58a8\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e14\u6eb6\u6db2\u63d2\u5c42\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002Hu\u7b49[19]\u5c06\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u52a0\u5165\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\/\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u53ef\u4fc3\u8fdb\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u5728\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u6563\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u53ca\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u800cXiang\u7b49[20]\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u963b\u9694\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u8bf8\u5b66\u8005\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u5c42\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u5c42\u5927\u5c0f\u5bf9\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\uff1aJun\u7b49[21]\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8f83\u5927\u7247\u5c42\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u6750\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\uff1b\u800cSato\u7b49[22]\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7247\u5c42\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cCao\u7b49[23]\u5219\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u5185\u90e8\u58f0\u5b50\u632f\u52a8\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u6563\u5c04\u7b49\u4f5c\u7528\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7eb3\u7c73\u5e26\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u7247\u5c42\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u58f0\u5b50\u5171\u632f\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u70ed\u5bfc\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7247\u5c42\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u5bfc\u70ed\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\/\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u8010\u70ed\u6027\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

4 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n

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